EXAM 2

Question 1

Small group research

Answer 1

study of group formation, maintenance and identity; effective leadership and in-group vs out-group attitudes

Question 2

Intergroup Conflict

Answer 2

perceived incompatibility of goals or values between two groups

Question 3

attribution

Answer 3

how we explain another persons behavior

Question 4

Situational Attribution

Answer 4

explaining behavior as a consequence of the current context and circumstance

Question 5

Dispositional Attribution

Answer 5

Explaining behavior as a consequence of the persons stable enduring traits

Question 6

Self vs Other

Answer 6

Attributions are different when we judge our own behaviors versus the behavior of someone else.

Question 7

Self serving Bias

Answer 7

we attribute our successes to dispositional variables and our failures to situational variables

Question 8

Actor-Observer Bias:

Answer 8

we use situational variables to explain our own behavior while continuing to use dispositional variables to explain the behavior of others

Question 9

Culture

Answer 9

affects attributions

Question 10

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 10

Uncomfortable state that occurs when behavior and attitudes do not match

Question 11

Peripheral route

Answer 11

uses attention-getting cues to trigger emotion based judgements

Question 12

Central Route

Answer 12

offers evidence and arguments that trigger careful thinking

Question 13

Conformity

Answer 13

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard or social norm

Question 14

Normative social influence

Answer 14

influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Question 15

Informational social influence

Answer 15

influence resulting from a persons willingness to accept others opinions about reality

Question 16

Conformity vs Obedience

Answer 16

adjusting our behavior to coincide with a social norm, adjusting our behavior to comply with a demand

Question 17

Social Facilitation

Answer 17

in the presence o others, improved performance on simple or well learned tasks

Question 18

social loafing

Answer 18

the tendency for people to exert less effort when working with a group toward a common goal

Question 19

Deindivuation

Answer 19

the loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Question 20

internet anonymity

Answer 20

enables people to freely express their anger, sometimes with bullying and hate speech

Question 21

just-world bias

Answer 21

good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

Question 22

Ingroup bias

Answer 22

tendency to favor our own group

Question 23

Scapegoat theory

Answer 23

theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Question 24

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 24

model of health that integrates the effects of biological, psychological and social factors to understand health and illness

Question 25

assimilation

Answer 25

interpreting new experiences in the context of our existing schemas

Question 26

Accommodation

Answer 26

adapting current schemas to account for new information

Question 27

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 27

b-2 years, infants mostly understand the world in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Question 28

Preoperational stage

Answer 28

2-7 years, child understands symboli representations but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

Question 29

Concrete operation stage

Answer 29

7-11 years old, child can use mental operations to think logically about concrete events

Question 30

Formal operational stage

Answer 30

12 years and older, people develop the ability to think logically about abstract concepts

Question 31

Theory of mind

Answer 31

understanding of others mental states

Question 32

adolescence

Answer 32

transition period form childhood to adulthood

Question 33

Pre-conventional Morality

Answer 33

before age 9, obedience to rules for fear of conequence

Question 34

Conventional Morality

Answer 34

conform to group norms in interest of social approval

Question 35

Postconventional Morality

Answer 35

actions reflect belief in basic rights

Question 36

Moral Institutions

Answer 36

automatic, emotional reactions

Question 37

Moral Reasoning

Answer 37

Logical Approach to judgements

Question 38

Identity

Answer 38

a solid sense of self developed by testing and integrating various roles

Question 39

Proximity

Answer 39

Geographical nearness

Question 40

Mere Exposure effect

Answer 40

repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases our liking of them

Question 41

Similarity

Answer 41

friends and couples are more likely to share attitudes, beliefs, interests, age, religion, race, education and intelligence

Question 42

Erik Erikson

Answer 42

Developmental psychologist and Psychoanalyst

Question 43

teens to 20’s Conflict: identify vs role confusion

Answer 43

I: refine a sense of self, RC: become confused about who they are

Question 44

20’s-40’s Conflict: Intimacy vs Isolation

Answer 44

Intimacy: Form close relationships
Isolation: Feel alone

Question 45

40’s-60’s Conflict: Generatively vs Stagnation

Answer 45

G: discover a sense of contributing to the world
S: may feel a lack of purpose

Question 46

60’s up Conflict: Integrity vs Despair

Answer 46

I: reflecting on their lives
D: may feel a sense of failure

Question 47

Authoritarian

Answer 47

Coercive, Impose strict rules, expects blind obedience

Question 48

Permissive

Answer 48

Unrestraining, making few demands, use little punishment

Question 49

Neglectful

Answer 49

uninvolved, neither demanding, careless, inattentive

Question 50

Authoritative

Answer 50

confrontative, demanding and responsive, set rules but encourage open discussion.