Exam 2 Flashcards
Clifton’s Talents
Naturally reoccurring patterns of thought, feeling, or behavior that can be productively applied in areas such as work and school
Via Virtues
Core characteristics valued by moral philosophers and religion leaders across time and cultures
Strength vs Virtue
Virtue= our end goals (justice=virtue)
Strength= pathways to achieve end goals (fairness=strength)
Why is Listing Strengths Hard?
sufficient breadth
sufficient depth
cross-cultural reference fit
possible inherent bias
How Clifton identifies strengths
studying success in business and education
interviews w/ successful workers to find positive outcomes
found themes among strength (34(
potential cultural bias: interviewees?
cultural bias in item development
VIA Classification of Character Strengths
founded by Mayerson foundation who were interested in psychological assets that help young people thrive
10 criteria for character strengths: final list thought to “emerge consensually across cultures and throughout time”
Concerns: thought to be made by those who did not represent diverse cultures
Perspective Taking
seeing things through someone else’s experience
cognitive
emotional
wholistic
Gratitude (trait)
easily exp. appreciation, aware of life’s abundance, acknowledge the good in life
Gratitude (emotional experience)
in the moment feeling, being thankful, being appreciative
Benefits of Gratitude
less lonely, less perceived stress, less depressive sx’s
more positive affect, more self-esteem, more subjective physical health
Cognitive Model of Gratitude
gratitude= trait, gratitude=cognitive style
start with positive cognitive style w/ components
positive attentional bias
positive interpretation bias
positive memory bias (come from top 2 bias)
this is reflected in neural changes which lead to increased physical health
also give increased psych subjunctive WB which creates a feedback loop to gratitude
Psychosocial Model of Gratitude
gratitude=state; in the moment perceptions, behavioral (Like broaden & build)
Gratitude leads to increased perceived social support and prosocial behavior which has reciprocal relationship
this leads to increased relationship quality
which leads o increased physical health and increased psych well-being which has reciprocal relationship
feedback loop from increased psych to gratitude
3 Good Things
each day @ end of day, identify 3 good things big or little (gratitude intervention)
Gratitude Letter
write letter to person for whom you have unexpressed gratitude
benefits: increase sender’s psychological well-being
increase sender’s gratitude
Forgiveness (Worthington, 2005)
the process of reducing negative emotions, thoughts, and motivations toward a person who has caused you harm
does not say to cancel feelings, no mention of relationship w/ transgressor
Forgiveness (Tangney et al., 1999)
1.cognitve-affective transformation
2.victim makes realistic assessment of harm done and acknowledge’s perp’s responsibility
3. but freely chooses to cancel the debt
4. cancelation of negative emotions
5. essentially removes himself or herself from victim role
not forgetting what person did, nothing abt relationship
Forgiveness (Enright et al., 1998)
willingness to abandon one’s right to resentment, negative judgment, and indifferent behavior toward one who unjustly hurt us while fostering undeserved qualities of compassion, generosity, and even love
move toward relationship with positive emotions
Benefits of Forgiveness
low ex’s of depression, anxiety, PTSD
low fear, hostility, neuroticism
increased relationship satisfaction, stronger social networks
increased physical health
How to Apologize
- Be clear abt what you are apologizing for
- Don’t add conditions where conditions don’t belong
- An apology needs to stand on its own
- explain, don’ justify
- Express remorse with empathy
- Have a plan for it to not happen again
Definitions of Bad Things (Resilience Lit)
significant adversity or risk
ex: maltreatment, parental illness, homelessness, war, natural disasters
primarily about children