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Positive Psychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Clifton’s Talents

A

Naturally reoccurring patterns of thought, feeling, or behavior that can be productively applied in areas such as work and school

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2
Q

Via Virtues

A

Core characteristics valued by moral philosophers and religion leaders across time and cultures

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3
Q

Strength vs Virtue

A

Virtue= our end goals (justice=virtue)
Strength= pathways to achieve end goals (fairness=strength)

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4
Q

Why is Listing Strengths Hard?

A

sufficient breadth
sufficient depth
cross-cultural reference fit
possible inherent bias

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5
Q

How Clifton identifies strengths

A

studying success in business and education
interviews w/ successful workers to find positive outcomes
found themes among strength (34(
potential cultural bias: interviewees?
cultural bias in item development

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6
Q

VIA Classification of Character Strengths

A

founded by Mayerson foundation who were interested in psychological assets that help young people thrive
10 criteria for character strengths: final list thought to “emerge consensually across cultures and throughout time”
Concerns: thought to be made by those who did not represent diverse cultures

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7
Q

Perspective Taking

A

seeing things through someone else’s experience
cognitive
emotional
wholistic

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8
Q

Gratitude (trait)

A

easily exp. appreciation, aware of life’s abundance, acknowledge the good in life

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9
Q

Gratitude (emotional experience)

A

in the moment feeling, being thankful, being appreciative

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10
Q

Benefits of Gratitude

A

less lonely, less perceived stress, less depressive sx’s
more positive affect, more self-esteem, more subjective physical health

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11
Q

Cognitive Model of Gratitude

A

gratitude= trait, gratitude=cognitive style
start with positive cognitive style w/ components
positive attentional bias
positive interpretation bias
positive memory bias (come from top 2 bias)
this is reflected in neural changes which lead to increased physical health
also give increased psych subjunctive WB which creates a feedback loop to gratitude

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12
Q

Psychosocial Model of Gratitude

A

gratitude=state; in the moment perceptions, behavioral (Like broaden & build)
Gratitude leads to increased perceived social support and prosocial behavior which has reciprocal relationship
this leads to increased relationship quality
which leads o increased physical health and increased psych well-being which has reciprocal relationship
feedback loop from increased psych to gratitude

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13
Q

3 Good Things

A

each day @ end of day, identify 3 good things big or little (gratitude intervention)

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14
Q

Gratitude Letter

A

write letter to person for whom you have unexpressed gratitude
benefits: increase sender’s psychological well-being
increase sender’s gratitude

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15
Q

Forgiveness (Worthington, 2005)

A

the process of reducing negative emotions, thoughts, and motivations toward a person who has caused you harm
does not say to cancel feelings, no mention of relationship w/ transgressor

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16
Q

Forgiveness (Tangney et al., 1999)

A

1.cognitve-affective transformation
2.victim makes realistic assessment of harm done and acknowledge’s perp’s responsibility
3. but freely chooses to cancel the debt
4. cancelation of negative emotions
5. essentially removes himself or herself from victim role
not forgetting what person did, nothing abt relationship

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17
Q

Forgiveness (Enright et al., 1998)

A

willingness to abandon one’s right to resentment, negative judgment, and indifferent behavior toward one who unjustly hurt us while fostering undeserved qualities of compassion, generosity, and even love
move toward relationship with positive emotions

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18
Q

Benefits of Forgiveness

A

low ex’s of depression, anxiety, PTSD
low fear, hostility, neuroticism
increased relationship satisfaction, stronger social networks
increased physical health

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19
Q

How to Apologize

A
  1. Be clear abt what you are apologizing for
  2. Don’t add conditions where conditions don’t belong
  3. An apology needs to stand on its own
  4. explain, don’ justify
  5. Express remorse with empathy
  6. Have a plan for it to not happen again
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20
Q

Definitions of Bad Things (Resilience Lit)

A

significant adversity or risk
ex: maltreatment, parental illness, homelessness, war, natural disasters
primarily about children

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21
Q

Definitions of Bad Things (Post-Traumatic Growth Lit)

A

trauma (DSM-5)
exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence
applies to victim or witness
actual or threatened

22
Q

What is Resilience?

A

patterns of positive adaptation during or following significant adversity or risk
most children are resilient

23
Q

What is “at least average functioning?’

A

academics (staying in school)
conduct
peer relationships
absence of mental disorder
involved in age-appropriate activities

24
Q

Types of PTG benefits

A

improve relationships
changes in the self
spiritual growth
changed goals/priorities
new behaviors toward those goasl

25
Transformational Model of PTG (Tedeschi & Calhoun)
seismic disruption disturbs life> automatic thoughts (I'm changed forever)>management of thoughts>deliberate rumination(practicing productive thoughts)>PTG PTG can coexist w/ distress
26
Greater Reliance on Social Support (PTG)
better at asking for help, vulnerable w/ others
27
Acquisition of new skills
traumatic events can force us to learn new skills (lady whose husband died story where he filled up her gas all the time and when he died she had to learn how to do that)
28
Factors in the Child promoting resilience
problem-solving skills self-regulation skills easy temperament in infancy (born w/) positive self-perceptions, self-efficacy
29
Factors in the Family/Close Relationships promoting resilience
close relationships to competent, prosocial adults authoritative parenting socioeconomic advantages connections to pro-social and rule-abiding peers
30
Factors in the Community/Organization promoting residence
effective schools ties to prosocial organizations (schools) high lvls of public safety good emergency social services
31
Promotive Effects
factors that have direct effects on well-being/recovery (i.e support from adult rescues distress) promotive and adversity factors are additive more promotive and less adversity factors always better
32
Protective Effects
reduces potency of adversity/risk factors on negative outcomes ex: risk factor=depression outcome=suicide ideation w/ positive relationship w/depression protective factor=PGI skills PGI skills reduce potency of depression on suicide ideation
33
Who is most likely to grow after trauma?
Pre-exisiting factors: high SES & education younger people ppl who are more optimistic Post-trauma factors: more time since trauma exp. of positive emotions problem focused coping group-based treatment
34
Benefits of PTG
less psychological distress 1-3 yrs after trauma less recurrence and low morbidity 8 yrs after 1st heart attack low cortisol in women w/ breast cancer high immune system functioning in HIV+ ppl
35
Positive Psychology Interventions (PPI)
must change/improve a positive psychology construct research evidence shows it works research shows that changing construct leads to desirable outcomes
36
Specific Interventions (Positive activity interventions)
specific interventions and exercises targets: specific positive constructs of strength
37
Best Possible Selves Diary
specific intervention increases optimism visualize future and write down what you imagine for future
38
Take a Daily Vacation
specific intervention increases happiness goal=relaxation different vacation every day (take a walk) mentally prepare for vacation, plan tomorrow's vacation
39
3 Good Things (PPI version)
specific intervention cultivate positive emotion ask how did you feel and why did these 3 good things happen
40
Psychotherapies Interventions
complete therapies ad treatments targets: health conditions and behaviors can prevent the problem can fix the problem
41
Winograd 2020 study
psychotherapy intervention preventing the problem pandemic=less job satisfaction Winograd studied work/family conflict, gender and PGI to see if it would predict job satisfaction predicted a quarter teach PGI to prevent/reduce loss of job satisfaction
42
Fava's Well-Being Therapy
psychotherapy intervention fixing the problem 8-16wk therapy to treat depression directly targets 6 elements of PWB Phase 1: identify episodes of well-being Phase 2: identify irrational thoughts Phase 3: psychoeducation of PWB outcomes: when combined w/ CBT reduces depression sx's
43
Rashid’s Positive Psychotherapy
Phase 1: balanced self-narrative Phase 2: Emotions and memories Phase 3: relationships, meaning, and purpose Outcomes: perhaps reduces depressive sx’s more than Tua
44
Media Multitasking
Associated w/ Lapses in attention Difficulty focusing attention Difficulty switching from task to task
45
Mindfulness
Awareness that is.. Intentional Present-moment Nonjudgmental No reactive Accepting “Beginners mind”
46
Mindfulness Benefits
Less reaction to negative emotions More emotion regulation Stronger social relationships
47
Savoring
Focused attention on positive emotional experiences Purpose: to prolong positive emotional experiences
48
How does Savoring differ from Mindfulness
Only positive emotions Intentionally prolong emotions Evaluate/judge as positive
49
Savoring 3 possible time perspectives
The past: reminiscing The present: savoring The future: anticipating
50
Flow
Complete absorption in intrinsically rewarding activity Lose track of time Things “click”- in the zone Challenge + skill match leads to better flow Benefit: self-restraining activity
51
How does Flow Differ from Mindfulness
Not intentional Not observational More experimental than cognitive

Positive Psychology (2 decks)

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