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OB > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

In contrast to a group, what are characteristics of a team?

A

Members are accountable for their collective performance.

Members depend on each other.

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2
Q

Workers who meet regularly to discuss ways to improve product quality are in a(n) __________ group.

A

formal

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3
Q

Group influence brings individuals into the social fabric of an organization by:

A

communicating norms

communicating role expectations

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4
Q

A set of shared expected behaviors for members of a group as a whole is called a group

A

role

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5
Q

Collections of individuals with low dependency on one another are known as ______, whereas _____ are collectively responsible for their performance.

A

groups, teams

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6
Q

A norm is a(n) ______ shared by two or more people that guides behavior.

A

feeling, opinion, and attitude

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7
Q

A role is a set of expected behaviors for a particular
__________ , while a
__________ role is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole

A

individual, group

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8
Q

Tuckman’s Model

A
  1. Forming
  2. Storming
  3. Norming
  4. Performing
  5. Adjourning
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9
Q

In which of the following situations, can punctuated equilibrium occur?

A

An inciting event

Innovation

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10
Q

Which of the following are key elements to punctuated equilibrium?

A

change

time

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11
Q

Of the following statements, which accurately describe social loafers?

A

Social loafers can distract or disrupt the work of other team members.

Social loafers expect the same rewards as other members of the team.

Social loafers produce low-quality work.

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12
Q

What type of team has a well-defined purpose, is more or less permanent, and requires the complete commitment of its members?

A

a work team

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13
Q

What type of team is assembled to tackle a particular project, problem, or task?

A

a project team

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14
Q

The tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases is known as ______.

A

social loafing

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15
Q

The extent to which team members are dependent on each other to accomplish their work is called

A

task interdependence

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16
Q

Which of the following statements are true about work teams?

A

a common, well-defined goal

long term commitment/ permanent

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17
Q

True or false: Trust involves being vulnerable.

A

T

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18
Q

Which of the following statements are true about project teams?

A

Their members may be from the same department of an organization.

Their members most often divide their time between the team and their primary jobs.

They are assembled to tackle a particular problem, task, or project.

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19
Q

A team that works together over time and distance using electronic media to combine effort and achieve goals is a(n)
__________ team.

A

virtual

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20
Q

The Reina Model is used to restore __________ when it has been compromised.

A

trust

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21
Q

Punctuated equilibrium is concerned with:

A

how a group functions in the face of change

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22
Q

Clear goals and responsibilities with an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and abilities are specifically associated with ______ teams.

A

high-performing

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23
Q

Which of the following are types of task interdependence? (Check all that apply.)

A

Pooled

Reciprocal

Sequential

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24
Q

Developing a team charter early in the development process will help the team succeed because it describes:

A

how the team will share information

the decision making process

how the team will operate

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25
Q

A reciprocal belief that another person will consider the effects of his intentions and behaviors on you is ______.

A

trust

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26
Q

Plans that outline exactly what the team is to do, goals for the team, and the tasks, responsibilities, and roles of team members are:

A

team performance strategies

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27
Q

Type of trust: People do what they say they will do and make their expectations clear.

A

contractual trust

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28
Q

Type of trust: People share information and tell the truth.

A

communication trust

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29
Q

Type of trust: People meet their responsibilities and acknowledge others’ skills and experience

A

competence trust

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30
Q

Which of the following statements is true about team adaptive capacity?

A

It is a critical element of effective, high-performing teams.

It is the ability to make needed changes in response to demands put on the team.

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31
Q

True or false: Because of collaboration, teams are generally less effective than the individuals who make up the team.

A

F

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32
Q

Which of the following are characteristics of high-performing teams?

A

They have an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and abilities.

They have clear goals and responsibilities.

They have trust and communication.

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33
Q

Early in the group development process, a team can improve its chances for success if it:

A

develops a team charter

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34
Q

Plans that outline exactly what the team is to do such as goal setting and defining member roles are team ____________ strategies.

A

performance

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35
Q

the three Cs of team players

A

commitment, collaboration, and competency

36
Q

The ability of a team to adapt to changes such as changing demands or the transition of members in or out of the group is

A

team adaptive capacity

37
Q

Collaboration includes which of the following aspects?

A

task coordination

information sharing

38
Q

Communication skills that impact communication competence include:

A

active listening

non-defensive communication

nonverbal communication

39
Q

The process of actively decoding and interpreting verbal messages is

A

listening

40
Q

Which of the following are factors that can affect the richness of a medium?

A

feedback’s speed

the message’s channel

the media type

language source

41
Q

A performance-based index of an individual’s abilities to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context is communication ____________

A

competence

42
Q

A person’s characteristic speaking __________ is their linguistic style.

A

pattern

43
Q

A person’s linguistic style is used in which of the following ways?

A

to assess other people

to decipher the meaning of others’ communication

to communicate intended meaning

44
Q

Crucial ___________ are discussions between two or more people where the stakes and emotions are high, and opinions vary.

A

conversations

45
Q

Which activity refers to the lost productivity resulting from the use of the Internet at work for personal tasks?

A

cyberloafing

46
Q

Which of the following are characteristics of functional conflict?

A

mutual respect

attention to the issues

consultative interactions

useful give and take

47
Q

What is the energy created by the perceived gap between what individuals or groups want and what they are experiencing?

A

conflict

48
Q

An opportunity to review and realign goals to serve the parties involved is a positive outcome of

A

conflict management

49
Q

Functional conflict is also referred to as _________ or cooperative conflict.

A

constructive

50
Q

any form of socially harmful behavior, such as aggression, interpersonal deviance, social undermining, interactional justice, harassment, abusive supervision, and bullying

A

incivility

51
Q

The tool for creating programmed conflict that appoints a member of the group as a critic is
___________ _________

A

devil’s advocacy

52
Q

a means for solving disputes using an independence third party and avoids costs and problems associated with litigation or unilateral decision making

A

alternative dispute revolution (ADR)

53
Q

The collaborative decision-making process involving two or more parties with different preferences is:

A

negotiation

54
Q

The fixed pie approach in which one person wins at the expense of the other is:

A

distributive negotiation

55
Q

A creative win-win approach that seeks mutual gain for all parties is ____________ negotiation.

A

integrative

56
Q

When you pinpoint and pick a solution that best solves a problem, this is:

A

decision making

57
Q

The nonrational model in which decision makers are limited by various constraints when making decisions is known as:

A

bounded rationality

58
Q

The idea that decision makers are limited by various constraints during the decision-making process is the nonrational model known as

A

bounded rationality

59
Q

cognitive shortcuts or biases that are used to simplify the process of decision making

A

judgmental heuristics

60
Q

8 types of common biases

A
  1. confirmation bias (selectively gather info)
  2. overconfidence bias (overestimating our own skills)
  3. availability bias (readily available information in memories)
  4. representativeness bias (information supports previously formed stereotypes)
  5. anchoring bias (first information received about a decision)
  6. hindsight bias (knowledge of an outcome affects probability of predicting an outcome)
  7. framing bias (the way something is posed or framed)
  8. escalation of commitment bias (hold a course of action when bad situation can’t be reversed)
61
Q

The extent to which an individual focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns in making decisions is:

A

value orientation

62
Q

What are the three ways managers use evidence or data in the decision-making process?

A

to support a decision

to inform a decision

to make a decision

63
Q

The phenomenon that occurs when people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action is called

A

groupthink

64
Q

The sense of “we-ness” that overrides individual differences and motives in a group is:

A

cohesiveness

65
Q

The process of producing new and useful ideas concerning products, services, processes, and procedures is:

A

creativity

66
Q

When all members of a group either agree with a decision or are able to support it, they have reached a

A

consensus

67
Q

The ability to marshal human, informational, and other resources to get something done is:

A

power

68
Q

The management practice that enhances employee performance, well-being, and positive attitudes is

A

empowerment

69
Q

The discretion and the means to enforce one’s will over others is called

A

power

70
Q

Which of the following helps transfer authority and responsibilities from management to employees?

A

structural empowerment

71
Q

Intentional acts of influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of individuals or groups that are not endorsed or aligned with those of the organization are known as organizational

A

politics

72
Q

Organizational politics is defined as

A

intentional actions to improve individual or organizational interests.

73
Q

Impression management encompasses which of the following?

A

speech

behavior

appearance

74
Q

Any attempt to control or manipulate the images related to a person, organization, or idea is __________ _____________

A

impression management

75
Q

When an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal, it is called

A

leadership

76
Q

Effective leadership is affected by a combination of

A

task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes

77
Q

Trying to identify the personality characteristics or interpersonal attributes that can differentiate leaders from followers is called:

A

trait approach

78
Q

Which of the following approaches tries to find the unique behaviors that effective leaders have?

A

behavioral styles

79
Q

Contingency theories propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on what factor?

A

the situation

80
Q

What is the theory that says a leader’s effectiveness depends on how well a leader’s style fits characteristics of the situation at hand?

A

contingency theory

81
Q

Which theory states that leader behaviors are effective when employees see them as a source of satisfaction?

A

path-goal

82
Q

A form of interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance, devotion, and enthusiasm is called

A

charisma

83
Q

Which type of leaders appeal to their followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests?

A

transformational

84
Q

The theory that assumes leaders will develop unique personal relationships with each of the people reporting to them is called ___________-__________ __________ theory

A

leader-member exchange (LMX)

85
Q

By appealing to followers’ values, motives, and personal identity, ________ leaders transform followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests.

A

transformational

86
Q

What do behavioral scientists call a leader-member exchange relationship?

A

vertical dyad

87
Q

virtues of team players

A

humble hungry and smart

OB (3 decks)

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