Exam 2 Flashcards
In contrast to a group, what are characteristics of a team?
Members are accountable for their collective performance.
Members depend on each other.
Workers who meet regularly to discuss ways to improve product quality are in a(n) __________ group.
formal
Group influence brings individuals into the social fabric of an organization by:
communicating norms
communicating role expectations
A set of shared expected behaviors for members of a group as a whole is called a group
role
Collections of individuals with low dependency on one another are known as ______, whereas _____ are collectively responsible for their performance.
groups, teams
A norm is a(n) ______ shared by two or more people that guides behavior.
feeling, opinion, and attitude
A role is a set of expected behaviors for a particular
__________ , while a
__________ role is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole
individual, group
Tuckman’s Model
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
- Adjourning
In which of the following situations, can punctuated equilibrium occur?
An inciting event
Innovation
Which of the following are key elements to punctuated equilibrium?
change
time
Of the following statements, which accurately describe social loafers?
Social loafers can distract or disrupt the work of other team members.
Social loafers expect the same rewards as other members of the team.
Social loafers produce low-quality work.
What type of team has a well-defined purpose, is more or less permanent, and requires the complete commitment of its members?
a work team
What type of team is assembled to tackle a particular project, problem, or task?
a project team
The tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases is known as ______.
social loafing
The extent to which team members are dependent on each other to accomplish their work is called
task interdependence
Which of the following statements are true about work teams?
a common, well-defined goal
long term commitment/ permanent
True or false: Trust involves being vulnerable.
T
Which of the following statements are true about project teams?
Their members may be from the same department of an organization.
Their members most often divide their time between the team and their primary jobs.
They are assembled to tackle a particular problem, task, or project.
A team that works together over time and distance using electronic media to combine effort and achieve goals is a(n)
__________ team.
virtual
The Reina Model is used to restore __________ when it has been compromised.
trust
Punctuated equilibrium is concerned with:
how a group functions in the face of change
Clear goals and responsibilities with an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and abilities are specifically associated with ______ teams.
high-performing
Which of the following are types of task interdependence? (Check all that apply.)
Pooled
Reciprocal
Sequential
Developing a team charter early in the development process will help the team succeed because it describes:
how the team will share information
the decision making process
how the team will operate
A reciprocal belief that another person will consider the effects of his intentions and behaviors on you is ______.
trust
Plans that outline exactly what the team is to do, goals for the team, and the tasks, responsibilities, and roles of team members are:
team performance strategies
Type of trust: People do what they say they will do and make their expectations clear.
contractual trust
Type of trust: People share information and tell the truth.
communication trust
Type of trust: People meet their responsibilities and acknowledge others’ skills and experience
competence trust
Which of the following statements is true about team adaptive capacity?
It is a critical element of effective, high-performing teams.
It is the ability to make needed changes in response to demands put on the team.
True or false: Because of collaboration, teams are generally less effective than the individuals who make up the team.
F
Which of the following are characteristics of high-performing teams?
They have an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and abilities.
They have clear goals and responsibilities.
They have trust and communication.
Early in the group development process, a team can improve its chances for success if it:
develops a team charter
Plans that outline exactly what the team is to do such as goal setting and defining member roles are team ____________ strategies.
performance
the three Cs of team players
commitment, collaboration, and competency
The ability of a team to adapt to changes such as changing demands or the transition of members in or out of the group is
team adaptive capacity
Collaboration includes which of the following aspects?
task coordination
information sharing
Communication skills that impact communication competence include:
active listening
non-defensive communication
nonverbal communication
The process of actively decoding and interpreting verbal messages is
listening
Which of the following are factors that can affect the richness of a medium?
feedback’s speed
the message’s channel
the media type
language source
A performance-based index of an individual’s abilities to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context is communication ____________
competence
A person’s characteristic speaking __________ is their linguistic style.
pattern
A person’s linguistic style is used in which of the following ways?
to assess other people
to decipher the meaning of others’ communication
to communicate intended meaning
Crucial ___________ are discussions between two or more people where the stakes and emotions are high, and opinions vary.
conversations
Which activity refers to the lost productivity resulting from the use of the Internet at work for personal tasks?
cyberloafing
Which of the following are characteristics of functional conflict?
mutual respect
attention to the issues
consultative interactions
useful give and take
What is the energy created by the perceived gap between what individuals or groups want and what they are experiencing?
conflict
An opportunity to review and realign goals to serve the parties involved is a positive outcome of
conflict management
Functional conflict is also referred to as _________ or cooperative conflict.
constructive
any form of socially harmful behavior, such as aggression, interpersonal deviance, social undermining, interactional justice, harassment, abusive supervision, and bullying
incivility
The tool for creating programmed conflict that appoints a member of the group as a critic is
___________ _________
devil’s advocacy
a means for solving disputes using an independence third party and avoids costs and problems associated with litigation or unilateral decision making
alternative dispute revolution (ADR)
The collaborative decision-making process involving two or more parties with different preferences is:
negotiation
The fixed pie approach in which one person wins at the expense of the other is:
distributive negotiation
A creative win-win approach that seeks mutual gain for all parties is ____________ negotiation.
integrative
When you pinpoint and pick a solution that best solves a problem, this is:
decision making
The nonrational model in which decision makers are limited by various constraints when making decisions is known as:
bounded rationality
The idea that decision makers are limited by various constraints during the decision-making process is the nonrational model known as
bounded rationality
cognitive shortcuts or biases that are used to simplify the process of decision making
judgmental heuristics
8 types of common biases
- confirmation bias (selectively gather info)
- overconfidence bias (overestimating our own skills)
- availability bias (readily available information in memories)
- representativeness bias (information supports previously formed stereotypes)
- anchoring bias (first information received about a decision)
- hindsight bias (knowledge of an outcome affects probability of predicting an outcome)
- framing bias (the way something is posed or framed)
- escalation of commitment bias (hold a course of action when bad situation can’t be reversed)
The extent to which an individual focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns in making decisions is:
value orientation
What are the three ways managers use evidence or data in the decision-making process?
to support a decision
to inform a decision
to make a decision
The phenomenon that occurs when people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action is called
groupthink
The sense of “we-ness” that overrides individual differences and motives in a group is:
cohesiveness
The process of producing new and useful ideas concerning products, services, processes, and procedures is:
creativity
When all members of a group either agree with a decision or are able to support it, they have reached a
consensus
The ability to marshal human, informational, and other resources to get something done is:
power
The management practice that enhances employee performance, well-being, and positive attitudes is
empowerment
The discretion and the means to enforce one’s will over others is called
power
Which of the following helps transfer authority and responsibilities from management to employees?
structural empowerment
Intentional acts of influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of individuals or groups that are not endorsed or aligned with those of the organization are known as organizational
politics
Organizational politics is defined as
intentional actions to improve individual or organizational interests.
Impression management encompasses which of the following?
speech
behavior
appearance
Any attempt to control or manipulate the images related to a person, organization, or idea is __________ _____________
impression management
When an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal, it is called
leadership
Effective leadership is affected by a combination of
task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes
Trying to identify the personality characteristics or interpersonal attributes that can differentiate leaders from followers is called:
trait approach
Which of the following approaches tries to find the unique behaviors that effective leaders have?
behavioral styles
Contingency theories propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on what factor?
the situation
What is the theory that says a leader’s effectiveness depends on how well a leader’s style fits characteristics of the situation at hand?
contingency theory
Which theory states that leader behaviors are effective when employees see them as a source of satisfaction?
path-goal
A form of interpersonal attraction that inspires acceptance, devotion, and enthusiasm is called
charisma
Which type of leaders appeal to their followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests?
transformational
The theory that assumes leaders will develop unique personal relationships with each of the people reporting to them is called ___________-__________ __________ theory
leader-member exchange (LMX)
By appealing to followers’ values, motives, and personal identity, ________ leaders transform followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests.
transformational
What do behavioral scientists call a leader-member exchange relationship?
vertical dyad
virtues of team players
humble hungry and smart
