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Exercise Science > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mortality is…

A

rates of death

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2
Q

Morbidity is…

A

Rates of disease

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3
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

relative maintenance of a consistent system of the body

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4
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic?

A

acute is an immediate reaction; chronic is change over a long period of time

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5
Q

Acute Response leads to…

A

chronic adaptation

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6
Q

What is an acute response?

A

Response to a single bout of physical activity (raised heart rate)

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7
Q

What is a chronic adaptation?

A

Response of repeated physical activity that improves functions of the body

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8
Q

What energy system uses ATP and Creatine?

A

Immediate (10 seconds or less)

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9
Q

What energy system is for 2 minutes or less?

A

Glycolysis

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10
Q

Where does glycolysis get its energy from?

A

blood glucose

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11
Q

What energy system is used for 2+ minutes?

A

Oxidative metabolism

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12
Q

What does oxidative metabolism use?

A

Carbohydrates or fats. Fats for low intensity, carbs as it gets higher

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13
Q

At low intensity what do you burn more of?

A

Fats

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14
Q

At high intensity what do you burn more of?

A

Carbohydrates

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15
Q

What is the glucose-fatty acid cycle?

A

When you feed carbs, body will use carbs, when you don’t feed carbs, body will find other sources

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16
Q

What is gluc-4?

A

A glucose transporter. Takes glucose from blood into cells

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17
Q

What triggers gluc-4?

A

when insulin travels around the body tries to reduce blood sugar

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18
Q

Two muscle types?

A

Type I and Type II

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19
Q

Characteristics of Type I muscle:

A

Slow twitch; not a lot of ATP; very fatigue resistant

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19
Q

Characteristics of Type II muscle:

A

Fast twitch; Lots of ATP; fatigue very easily

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20
Q

Catabolic versus anabolic

A

Catabolic breaks things down, anabolic builds things up

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21
Q

Body composition make up:

A

Fat mass & lean body mass

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22
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Clinical disease of brittle bone and decrease in bone density

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23
Q

How to reduce osteoporosis?

A

Enough calcium; SAID principle: use it or lose it (Wolf’s law)

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24
Q

Characteristics of the Female Athlete Triad

A

Amenorrhea, Decreased bone density, Reduced energy availability

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25
Q

RED-S stands for…

A

Relative Energy Deficit Syndrome

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26
Q

Hyper =

A

Higher

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27
Q

Hypo =

A

less

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28
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High blood sugar

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29
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar

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30
Q

Hypertension

A

High Blood Pressure

31
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

High lipids in blood

32
Q

Hyperinsulinemia

A

High insulin in the blood

33
Q

How to measure energy expenditure?

A

expensive water with urine analysis/breath samples (accurate/expensive), indirect caliemetry look at oxygen consumption, questionnaires( not accurate), accelerometer (most common)

34
Q

Why do you choose a certain testing system for energy expenditure?

A

Cost, invasiveness, practicality

35
Q

What are the environmental conditions that affect exercise?

A

Cold, Heat, Altitude

36
Q

Main things to pay attention when exercising in heat?

A

Humidity, temperature, timing, drink fluids, proper clothing

37
Q

Evaporation:

A

Loss of heat via sweat –> water vapor

38
Q

Convection:

A

exchange of heat based on passing air

39
Q

Conduction:

A

Heat transfer solely based on touching something

40
Q

Radiation:

A

Heat propelling off of surface

41
Q

Sweat is the _____ form of heat loss

A

major

42
Q

Leading cause of death in US

A

Cardiovascular disease

43
Q

Therapeutic versus Rehabilitation

A

Therapeutic: Trying to improve with remedial agents, Rehabilitation: Action of restoring back to normal

44
Q

What is a Myocardial infarction?

A

Heart attack; Complete blockage of blood vessels/arteries leading to heart. Part of heart dies

45
Q

What is ischemia?

A

Cut-off/lack of blood flow to body

46
Q

What is Angina Pectoris?

A

Chest pain

47
Q

Obstructive versus Restrictive PD

A

Obstructive: blockage that affects the flow of air in lungs; Restrictive: decrease in capacity of lungs

48
Q

Role of clinical ex physiologist

A

pre health screening, medical history, stress test, evaluation, exercise prescription

49
Q

What is VO2 Max?

A

Maximum amount of oxygen the body can process and use (Liters/min)

50
Q

VO2 Max Test

A

Test that puts one through different intensities to see where one maxes out on oxygen

51
Q

What is an incremental graded exercise test?

A

Done in stages, increasing in intensity

52
Q

Maximal versus submaximal test

A

Maximal: till failure, sub maximal: picking a % and stopping there

53
Q

How does exercise improve health concerning cv disease?

A

Just improves health

54
Q

What is informed consent?

A

People fully understand what is going to happen

55
Q

RPE

A

ratings of perceived exertion (6-20)

56
Q

How do we measure function of CV system?

A

Heart rate, Blood pressure, ECG, Echo

57
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Narrowing of the arteries due to plaque development

58
Q

What is Type II diabetes mellitus?

A

Insulin resistance –> hyperglycemia

59
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Total amount of blood pumped out of heart/min

60
Q

What is heart rate?

A

Heart Beats per min

61
Q

What is Stroke volume?

A

How much blood/beat?

62
Q

What is a single cardiac cycle?

A

Pumping of heart, systole, diastole, new beat

63
Q

Benefit of Bergstrom muscle biopsy method?

A

Very easy to analyze muscle glycogen

64
Q

Two factors that determine what we burn for fuel when exercising?

A

Intensity & Duration

65
Q

Difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?

A

I: body works fine, but pancreas cannot produce insulin
II: lifestyle; pancreas makes insulin, but cells are resistant

66
Q

What are the carbohydrate intake rates during exercise?

A

0-45 mins = no need, 60+ = 30-60g/hour

67
Q

Why should glucose be consumed during long exercise?

A

Supply glucose to working muscle and maintain blood glucose (makes brain happy!)

68
Q

General protein intake requirement?

A

0.8 grams but more recommended 1.2-1.4 in endurance athletes, 1.4-1.7 in strength athletes

69
Q

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

A

Improve health of Americans via nutrition; provide guidelines to healthy lifestyle

70
Q

What athletic group benefits from high fat, low carb?

A

Lower intensity, longer duration

71
Q

What level of hydration sees performance decrease?

A

2% of Body weight loss

72
Q

Why do we need electrolytes during exercise?

A

To replenish what we lose through sweat

73
Q

3 most common signs that indicate dehydration?

A

urine color, thirst, weight

74
Q

What are Ergogenic aids?

A

Supplements that are meant to improve performance

75
Q
A

Exercise Science (2 decks)

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