Exam #1 Flashcards
Mortality:
Rates of death
Morbidity:
Rates of disease
Exercise science:
Umbrella term that covers the human body in terms of fitness and health
Physical Activity:
Any movement that raises heart rate
Exercise:
Planned physical activity
Sport:
Competitive Exercise
Exercise physiology:
How exercise relates to the anatomical structure and can be used to improve/maintain homeostasis
Anthropometry:
Measurements of the body
Ergonomics:
Things with specific form/function relating to anatomical structure to stay in homeostatic state or have advantage
WHO Definition of health:
Physical, mental, and social well-being not simply just the absence of disease
Position Stand:
Proposing a question about using certain tactics/methods/resources then using evidence based claims to make conclusion
Scientific Method definition
A system that can be used to ask questions/solve problems through a variety of methodical steps
What is a hypothesis?
Educated, testable guess
Basic research:
Acquisition of knowledge
Applied research:
Does implementation have an effect of the real world
Experimental research:
Manipulating to provide conclusions
Longitudinal research:
Research over time, can be with or without manipulation
Systematic review:
Glorified book report
Meta-analysis research:
Rerunning statistics (Study of studies)
Independent variable:
Variable that is manipulated
Dependent variable:
Variable that is measured, provides outcome
What is evidence based practice?
Using evidence to make decisions about care
Primary Function of nervous system
Control systems of the body & thought processes
Somatic Nervous system:
Controls movement
What is the leading cause of death in the US?
Heart Disease due to lack of fitness/healthy lifestyle
What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
Sympathetic: Fight or flight, Parasympathetic: Rest and digest
Hypertrophy:
Increase and growth in size of muscle cells
Hyperplasia:
Increase of the number of cells
SAID principle:
Give examples of how it effects different types of athletes
Specific adaptations to impose demands
Ex: Athletes are training for a specific task, so the by doing these certain types of practices, the body is going to adapt and grow stronger in those ways
Cardiac Muscle:
Contraction propels blood through the circulatory system to deliver nutrients and oxygen; remove waste products– involuntary
Skeletal Muscle:
Generates movement, which increases energy expenditure which is responsible for majority of daily energy expenditure– voluntary
Smooth muscle:
Contraction and dilation regulate diameter of passageways in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems which allows for flow of flood to working tissue and air to lungs– involuntary
Function of muscular system
Provide moments and stabilize body positions, in the heart it controls organ contraction and relaxation
Skeletal system function:
Structural framework of the body, protect organ/tissue, lever system for movement, sore minerals
Cardiovascular system function:
Transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, drugs, and removing waste from body
Pulmonary System function:
Moving air in and out of lungs, regulating acid-base balance
Urinary system function:
Eliminate waste product and regulate fluid volume, electrolyte composition, and body pH
Digestive system function:
Transfer nutrients and water from the food we consume into the body
Endocrine system function:
Regulate physiologic function and systems of the body
Immune system function:
Regulate the susceptibility and severity of infection and illness
Energy system function:
provide energy during rest and exercise
What is osteoporosis?
A medical diagnosis supported by the degeneration/breakdown of tissue that lowers bone density
Lack of nutrients/exercise can weaken bones, also the other extreme of too much exercise + lack of nutrients
What duration exercise is blood flow and the cardio system more important for?
over 3 minutes
Primary messenger systems in the body:
Nervous system (instant) endocrine (slow)
What is metabolic syndrome?
hypertension(high bp), hypoglycemia (high sugar), hyperlipidemia (high lipids), elevated body circumference
Isometric vs. Concentric vs. Eccentric
Iso: same length Con: shortening, Ecc: lengthening
What are the sources of fuel during exercise intensity?
Low intensity = fat, high intensity = carbohydrates
Immediate: ATP & creatine (high intensity)
Moderately high: Glycolysis & Glycogenolysis
Resting/low: oxidative metabolism
What nutrients do we get calories from?
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
How to increase carb absorption?
Find ideal solution, that way the body can process it quicker
Anabolic vs catabolic state of muscle
Anabolic: getting bigger
Catabolic: losing
