Exam 2 Flashcards
What age does the CDC switch immunization to an adult schedule
19 years old
What are the 4 patient factors to consider when evaluating what drug you should use
Age
PMH
SH
FH
What is VIS (vaccine information statement)
Info sheet on benefits, risks, what to do if adverse reaction occurs
When is the VIS document provided when administering a vaccine
Before the vaccine is given
Age at which routine flu vaccine is recommended
6 months of age
Age at which the annual pneumococcal vaccine is recommended
65 years old
When is Tdap is recommended
During pregnancy
Booster every 10 years
What is the age recommendation at which Zoster (RZV) vaccine should be given annually
50 years old
Conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients and integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research
Evidence-based medicine definition
Dissemination of scientific information
Complete of og research project
Prep and submission of abstract
acceptance of abstract for presentation
publication of abstract and present project
Non-solicited commentary pointing out weaknesses in a study or adding information not discussed in the article
Letter to the editor
Written by an editor or selected expert that brings attention to and comments on an original research article by either supporting it (through praise or adding additional information) or questioning the results and attempting to refute the article, or at least interpret the results with caution.
Editorial
Initial incomplete report, generally published with all
other abstracts from a meeting
Abstract
Observational in nature.
Describe one or more patients with regard to disease or treatment of interest.
Generally for rare or unique diseases and treatments
Case Report
Combines data from many studies and then analyzes the combined data set. Allows for much larger sample sizes than can be seen from one individual trial.
Meta Analysis
Scientifically investigates original research articles with
a pre-defined method and entry criteria including how studies are identified and how data are extracted.
Systematic Review
Reviews a particular topic.
Summarizes information that the author feels is important in a manner that lacks systematic searching or analysis of the literature. Subjective summary
and analysis.
Narrative Review (non-systematic)
systematically developed statements to assist
practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances
Clinical Practice Guidelines
What are the components of a general assessment
Age
Skin
Facial features
Level of consciousness
Acute distress
Nutrition
Dress and grooming
Body structure
Behavior
Mobility
List and explain the 4 assessment techniques used during physical examination of a print
Inspection: visual looking
Palpitation: touching and feeling with the hand
Percussion: striking body surface to determine underlying structures
Auscultation: listening to body sounds
What is the core body temperature
97.5 to 99
Normal fluctuations of body temp include
Diurnal: low in morning and peaks at 5pm
Age: infant higher temp while elderly have lower temp
What are the 5 routes to measure body temp
Oral
Rectal 1 degree higher
Axillary (armpit) 1 degree lower
Tempanic (eardrum)
Temporal (forehead)
Antipyretic drug examples
Acetaminophen
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
What is sometimes referred to a 5th vital sign
Pain
Subjective and objective pain examples
Subjective: verb complains, taking pain meds, ROS, pain scale
Objective: facial expression, body movement, vocalization
What is the definition of pulse
A pressure wave felt in a peripheral artery created each time the heart contracts and pushes blood through the vasculature
What are drugs/substances to increase heart rate or blood pressure
Pain
Hypoglycemia
Hyperthyroidism
Dehydration
Blood loss
Heart failure
What are drugs/substances to decrease heart rate or blood pressure
NASID
Estrogen containing hormone contraceptives
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Difference between radial and brachial artery
Radial: wrist, used to access HR, heart rhythm
Brachial: toward body above elbow crease, used to access BP
Lifestyle changes that lower BP
Diet
Weight loss
Exercise
Emotions (decrease stress)
What are the four traditional vital signs
Temp
BP
Pulse
Respiratory rate
What is respiratory rate and what units define it
Determined by inspection of the patient counting number of breaths
RPM
What is a normal RR (respiratory rate)
12-20 rpm
What can increase or decrease RR
Fast: COPD, pulmonary embolism, pain, stress, fear
Slow: opioids, overdose, toxicity, head injury, hypothyroidism
What is cyanosis and dyspnea
Cyanosis: blue discoloration of skin, gums, fingernails, mucous membrane, lack of O2
Dyspnea: difficulty breathing (SOB)
Examples of lung sounds
Wheeze/rhonchi
Crackles/rales
Are spirometry and peak flow meter subjective or objective
Objective
