Exam 1 Flashcards
List the 6 community pharmacy workflow steps in the correct order
Prescription is received by the pharmacy
Data Entry
Pre Check
Dispensing
Final Check
Patient receives the prescription and counseling (pick up)
Written Prescription Requirements
Date Rx issued
Full name and title of prescriber
Physical Address of prescriber practice location (no P.O. box)
Telephone number of prescriber
Full name of patient
Address of patient
Drug name and strength
Quantity to dispense
Directions for drug use
DEA# check formula
2 letters and 7 numbers (last number is a check digit)
-First letter is type of practitioner
-Second letter is first initial of prescribers last name
First step: add 1st, 3rd, and 5th numbers
Second step: add 2nd, 4th, 6th numbers and multiply by 2
Third step: add sums together and check that last digit matches check
A pharmacist shall not dispense a dangerous drug (CV) for the first time beyond __________ from the date a prescription was written
6 months
A prescription for an outpatient opioid analegesic (CII-CIV) must be filled for the first time within ______ of the date the prescription was written
14 days
_______ refills may be writeen on a prescription for a C-II controlled substance
Zero
Refills for C-III and C-IV controlled substances are valid for _____________ from the date the prescription was written
6 months
Refills for non-controlled and C-V controlled substances are valid for _________ from the date the prescription was written
1 year
What is drug information
the retrieval, evaluation, and communication of medication information in order to give to patients
systematic approach
What is evidence-based medicine
systematic approach to clinical problem-solving
uses public literature
What are the basic drug information skills needed by all pharmacists
identify info needed to solve problems
define actual drug information needed from request
define timeframe for provision of answer and adjust
obtain background needed to answer most drug info
obtain background needed to answer specific drug info
effectively use info
communicate info
monitor patients
What are the steps of systematic approach to using and providing drug information
Classify the request
Obtain background information
Systematic literature search
Formulation and communication of a response
Follow-up
Definition of tertiary literature
Information that has been gathered and summarized by editors, authors, experts
Summarizes and interprets the original work of others
Example of tertiary literature
Textbooks
Reference books/databases
drug monographs
review articles
What are some advantages and disadvantages of tertiary literature
Advantages: convenient, accessible, easy to use
Disadvantages: may not be up to date, information reflects authors interpretation
How to evaluate a tertiary resource
Who are the authors
year of publication
are there references
are the references used appropriately, does it have enough
how easy is it to use
Defn of drug monograph
Factual document on drug product that describes the properties, claims, indications, and conditions of use of the drug and contains info to use the drug safely
What are some parts of a drug monograph
Pharmacology- mechanism of action, what drug does
Pharmacokinetics-ADME
Contradictions
Warning and precautions
Indications of use (FDA approved or not)
Overdose/Tox
Blackbox warnings
What are the 5 steps of patient care process (PPCP)
Collect
Assess
Plan
Implement
Follow-up
What is the purpose of documentation for for PPCP
communication
contribution to patient care
ensure continuity of care
protect professional liability
reimbursement
What is subjective data
descriptive in nature
obtained by listening to patient
info from responses
CC
HPI
ROS
PMH
SH
FM
chief complaint
history of present illness
review of systems
past medical history
social history
family history
What is objective data
Direct measurement or observation
lab tests
vital signs
calculated data
How to calculate IBW for males and females
male: 50 + 2.3 (every inch over 5 feet)
female: 45.5 + 2.3 (every inch over 5 feet)
How to calculate BMI for males and females
(weight in pounds * 703) / (height^2)
*always round to one decimal place
How to calculate creatine clearance (CrCl)
(140-age)(IBW) / (72)(Scr)
*if female multiply by 0.85
*round to nearest whole number
What is the exception to CrCl
if patient actual body weight is under IBW then use ABW
What are drug related problems
Issues surrounding drug therapy
Actually (or potentially) interfere with optimal therapeutic outcomes
What does NDC 1st number, middle #, and last # indicate
first: manufacturer
middle: drug/dose/dosage form
last: package size
USAN
official name of drug recognized by the United States
Proprietary name
brand name, trade name, product name
Nonproprietary name
generic name, active ingredient, drug name
INN
naming system managed by the World Health Organization
What does the FDA consider pharmaceutical equivalents
some active ingredients, same dosage form, same route, same strength
Generic Equivalence
no bioequivalence problems
Therapeutic Equivalence
pharmaceutical equivalent and behave like each other
If the first letter of the therapeutic equivalence ratings code begins with B
There is Bioequivalence problems
If the first letter of the therapeutic equivalence ratings code begins with A
There is equivalence
