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Exercise Pysiology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrinology

A

The study of hormones and their effects on the body.

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2
Q

Nueroendocrinology

A

Hormones can be divided into several classes based on chemical makeup: peptides, proteins, steroids

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3
Q

Control on hormone secretion

A

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood which Carrie’s the hormone to a tissue to exert effect.

Rate at which a hormone is secreted from an endocrine gland is dependent on the magnitude of the input.

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4
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

The pancreas does not produce enough insulin and cells, respond poorly to insulin 

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5
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

When sugar cannot enter cells, a high level of sugar build up in the blood 

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6
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

When is the pancreas doesn’t make insulin

Symptoms
Being very thirsty
Feeling hungry
Losing weight without trying

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7
Q

What is the major site for hormone metabolism?

A

Liver

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8
Q

Growth hormone

A

The growth hormone increases during exercise to mobilize the lies fatty acids from adipose tissue, and to aid in the maintenance of blood glucose 

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9
Q

Growth hormone

A

Excess growth hormone during childhood results in gigantism and inadequate secretion causes dwarfism this is acromegaly

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10
Q

Steroids

A

Synthetic version of hormones 

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11
Q

Ways to natural balance, your hormones

A

Get enough protein, exercise regularly maintain a moderate wait low sugar intake get enough

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12
Q

Anabolic steroids

A

Synthetic substances that mimic the effects of testosterone

Side effects

Fluid retention, difficulty sleeping skin changes 

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13
Q

Heart rate during exercise

A

Play exercise between 60 to 70% of your maximum heart rate

Moderate exercise between 71 to 85% of your maximum heart rate 

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14
Q

Hormone Secretion

A

Insulin releases from the pancreas

And is made in the pancreas

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15
Q

What increases insulin secretion

A

Plasma glucose and amino acids

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16
Q

What decreases insulin secretion?

A

Increase in sympathetic nervous system activity

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17
Q

When is the hormonal half life increased?

A

During exercise blood flow to kidneys and liver decrease causing a hormonal half life to increase results in elevation of plasma level

18
Q

Thyroid Gland Produces…..

A

Thyroxine to counteract the reduction of free thryroxine.

Also secretes calcitonin

19
Q

Thyroid Hormones

A

Establish overall metabolic rate

20
Q

Innate immune system

A

Born with an adaptive immune system

21
Q

First line of defense

A

Skin a mucosa

Skin is 2
Mucosa is 400

22
Q

Leukocytes

A

Remove and recognize foreign invaders

23
Q

Neutrophils

A

Site produced: Bone Marrow
Innate
Functions: phagocytosis and release chemicals
45-75%

24
Q

Basophils

A

Bone marrow
Innate
Release chemicals for inflammation
0-2%

25
Q

Eosinophils

A

Bone marrow
Innate
Destroy multicellular parasites
0-6%

26
Q

Monocytes

A

Bone marrow
Innate
Involved in innate immunity
2-12%

27
Q

Acquired immune cells

A

B and T Cells (killer T cells helper T cells regulatory T cells)
help the immune system

28
Q

VO2MAX

A

Amount of oxygen your body uses while exercising hard

29
Q

VO2MAX components

A

Lung capacity and heart volume

30
Q

Exercise provided homeostatic regulation of…

A

Blood glucose, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood volume

31
Q

Amino acid derivatives

A

Bind to receptors on surface of target cell
Most are not lipid soluble

32
Q

Peptides

A

Chains of amino acids that can function as neurotransmitters or hormones

33
Q

Why is chemical structure important to hormonal function

A

It dictates the way in which the hormone is transported in the blood and the manner in which it exerts its effects on the tissue

34
Q

Growth hormone increases during…

A

Exercise in order to mobilize fatty acids from adipose tissue and to aid in the maintenance of blood glucose

35
Q

Therapeutic doses of growth hormone increase…

A

Fat oxidation, Vo2Max, strength, and improve body composition

36
Q

Second line of innate immunity

A

Phagocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages)
Inflammation
Fever
Antimicrobial substances

37
Q

Where are most killer cells found

A

Blood, liver, spleen

38
Q

Compliment system

A

Proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

39
Q

How does the compliment system destroy invaders

A

By generating holes in the surface of the invading bacterium through insertion of pore forming proteins in the cell membrane

40
Q

How does the compliment system enhance function of other cells

A

By tagging invading agents for destruction

41
Q

Cells involves with acquired immunity

A

B-cells and T-cells

42
Q

High intensity exercise can cause an increase in…

A

Blood levels of natural killer cells, neutrophils, and antibodies. Within three hours, the immune system returns to its pre-exercise level

Exercise Pysiology (3 decks)

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