Exam 2

Question 1

Endocrinology

Answer 1

The study of hormones and their effects on the body.

Question 2

Nueroendocrinology

Answer 2

Hormones can be divided into several classes based on chemical makeup: peptides, proteins, steroids

Question 3

Control on hormone secretion

Answer 3

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood which Carrie’s the hormone to a tissue to exert effect.

Rate at which a hormone is secreted from an endocrine gland is dependent on the magnitude of the input.

Question 4

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 4

The pancreas does not produce enough insulin and cells, respond poorly to insulin 

Question 5

Hyperglycemia

Answer 5

When sugar cannot enter cells, a high level of sugar build up in the blood 

Question 6

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 6

When is the pancreas doesn’t make insulin

Symptoms
Being very thirsty
Feeling hungry
Losing weight without trying

Question 7

What is the major site for hormone metabolism?

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

Growth hormone

Answer 8

The growth hormone increases during exercise to mobilize the lies fatty acids from adipose tissue, and to aid in the maintenance of blood glucose 

Question 9

Growth hormone

Answer 9

Excess growth hormone during childhood results in gigantism and inadequate secretion causes dwarfism this is acromegaly

Question 10

Steroids

Answer 10

Synthetic version of hormones 

Question 11

Ways to natural balance, your hormones

Answer 11

Get enough protein, exercise regularly maintain a moderate wait low sugar intake get enough

Question 12

Anabolic steroids

Answer 12

Synthetic substances that mimic the effects of testosterone

Side effects

Fluid retention, difficulty sleeping skin changes 

Question 13

Heart rate during exercise

Answer 13

Play exercise between 60 to 70% of your maximum heart rate

Moderate exercise between 71 to 85% of your maximum heart rate 

Question 14

Hormone Secretion

Answer 14

Insulin releases from the pancreas

And is made in the pancreas

Question 15

What increases insulin secretion

Answer 15

Plasma glucose and amino acids

Question 16

What decreases insulin secretion?

Answer 16

Increase in sympathetic nervous system activity

Question 17

When is the hormonal half life increased?

Answer 17

During exercise blood flow to kidneys and liver decrease causing a hormonal half life to increase results in elevation of plasma level

Question 18

Thyroid Gland Produces…..

Answer 18

Thyroxine to counteract the reduction of free thryroxine.

Also secretes calcitonin

Question 19

Thyroid Hormones

Answer 19

Establish overall metabolic rate

Question 20

Innate immune system

Answer 20

Born with an adaptive immune system

Question 21

First line of defense

Answer 21

Skin a mucosa

Skin is 2
Mucosa is 400

Question 22

Leukocytes

Answer 22

Remove and recognize foreign invaders

Question 23

Neutrophils

Answer 23

Site produced: Bone Marrow
Innate
Functions: phagocytosis and release chemicals
45-75%

Question 24

Basophils

Answer 24

Bone marrow
Innate
Release chemicals for inflammation
0-2%

Question 25

Eosinophils

Answer 25

Bone marrow Innate Destroy multicellular parasites 0-6%

Question 26

Monocytes

Answer 26

Bone marrow Innate Involved in innate immunity 2-12%

Question 27

Acquired immune cells

Answer 27

B and T Cells (killer T cells helper T cells regulatory T cells) help the immune system

Question 28

VO2MAX

Answer 28

Amount of oxygen your body uses while exercising hard

Question 29

VO2MAX components

Answer 29

Lung capacity and heart volume

Question 30

Exercise provided homeostatic regulation of…

Answer 30

Blood glucose, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood volume

Question 31

Amino acid derivatives

Answer 31

Bind to receptors on surface of target cell Most are not lipid soluble

Question 32

Peptides

Answer 32

Chains of amino acids that can function as neurotransmitters or hormones

Question 33

Why is chemical structure important to hormonal function

Answer 33

It dictates the way in which the hormone is transported in the blood and the manner in which it exerts its effects on the tissue

Question 34

Growth hormone increases during…

Answer 34

Exercise in order to mobilize fatty acids from adipose tissue and to aid in the maintenance of blood glucose

Question 35

Therapeutic doses of growth hormone increase…

Answer 35

Fat oxidation, Vo2Max, strength, and improve body composition

Question 36

Second line of innate immunity

Answer 36

Phagocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages) Inflammation Fever Antimicrobial substances

Question 37

Where are most killer cells found

Answer 37

Blood, liver, spleen

Question 38

Compliment system

Answer 38

Proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

Question 39

How does the compliment system destroy invaders

Answer 39

By generating holes in the surface of the invading bacterium through insertion of pore forming proteins in the cell membrane

Question 40

How does the compliment system enhance function of other cells

Answer 40

By tagging invading agents for destruction

Question 41

Cells involves with acquired immunity

Answer 41

B-cells and T-cells

Question 42

High intensity exercise can cause an increase in…

Answer 42

Blood levels of natural killer cells, neutrophils, and antibodies. Within three hours, the immune system returns to its pre-exercise level