Exam #2

Question 1

What were some characteristics of Native American tribes?

Answer 1

Not homogenous, very diverse, spiritual people, had a minimal impact on the environment, had family and village systems

Question 2

What is three sister farming?

Answer 2

Three different crops (corn, beans, squash) were grown together to create surplus amounts of food.

Question 3

Who were members of the “Five Tribes”?

Answer 3

Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek (Muscogee), Chickasaw, Seminole

Question 4

What was significant about the “Five Tribes”?

Answer 4

Adopted many colonist customs and were seen as the most civilized

Question 5

Why did the horse create intertribal conflict?

Answer 5

Because the horse is a commodity of prestige and utility.

Question 6

What are wikiups?

Answer 6

Housing for nomadic Native Americans, consists of a frame covered with matting and brush

Question 7

What were the impacts of European colonization on Native Americans?

Answer 7

Europeans introduced deadly diseases, had slow settlement expansion but were able to survive because of Native Americans and lastly they relocated Native Americans.

Question 8

Where were Native Americans contained? Why?

Answer 8

Reservations or Reserves because they wanted the Natives to assimilate and wanted control over them. Cultural hospice.

Question 9

What is the Native population in the US?

Answer 9

Less than 1%

Question 10

What are the Native’s poverty level statistics?

Answer 10

US about 30% below poverty level
On reservations: about 33%-63% are below poverty level

Question 11

What were the reasons for colonization?

Answer 11

Religious and political reasons; to meet political and economic desire of feudal leaders for power and financial stability

Question 12

What is the Columbian exchange?

Answer 12

The process of transferring plants, animals, microbes, and people across the Atlantic in both directions. (Europe, Americas, and Africa)

Question 13

What led to the height of the Atlantic Slave Trade?

Answer 13

There was a large demand for labor in the Americas in plantations.

Question 14

What are land lots>

Answer 14

Strips of land in french colonies used for farming and distinguishing land property

Question 15

What are entrepots?

Answer 15

Places where goods are shipped and distributed to other places

Question 16

What were two ideas the British brought with them and the Native Americans opposed?

Answer 16

Private property (Natives did not believe in ownership of land) and agricultural areas (Natives moved around and didn’t stay)

Question 17

What is a cultural hearth?

Answer 17

Nuclear area where a distinctive set of cultural traits develop/form and then is diffused.

Question 18

What were the three anglo cultural hearths?

Answer 18

Chesapeake Bay, New England, and Middle Colonies

Question 19

What were the characteristics of the first wave of immigration?

Answer 19

The Naturalization Act of 1795, Mostly White, Anglo-saxon Protestants (British, German, Dutch, French, Spanish), push factors were political unrest and crop failure

Question 20

What did the Naturalization Act of 1795 say?

Answer 20

No restrictions for naturalization except residency requirement, notice, oath of allegiance, proof of character and behavior, and it was only available to “free white persons”

Question 21

What were the characteristics of the second wave of migration?

Answer 21

Begins during American Civil War, land, employment, and wages pulled immigrants, chain migration introduced

Question 22

What were the characteristics of the third wave of immigration?

Answer 22

Known as the Great Deluge, push factors were industrialization and the persecution of the Jews
Pull factors were the demand for unskilled or semi-skilled labor. People were from South and Eastern Europe, Austria and Hungary

Question 23

What were the impacts of The Great Deluge?

Answer 23

Slowing of assimilation process, formation of ghettos, and restrictive immigration policies

Question 24

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Answer 24

Suspended Chinese immigrants for ten years and declared them ineligible for naturalization

Question 25

What was the Gentlemen’s Agreement?

Answer 25

Japanese Government voluntarily limited Japanese immigration

Question 26

What was the Contract labor law of 1885?

Answer 26

It prohibited corporations or individuals from paying for the transportation of foreign laborers in the US

Question 27

What was the Deportation Law of 1888?

Answer 27

If you suspect someone of being an illegal immigrant you can kick them out

Question 28

What was the objective of the quota systems?

Answer 28

To restore the ethnic makeup of the country’s white population to that of the early nineteenth century

Question 29

What was the township and range system?

Answer 29

geometric system of land division based on lines of longitude and latitude

Question 30

What was grown in the Old Northwest?

Answer 30

Wheat, corn, and livestock

Question 31

What led to the expansion of planations?

Answer 31

Technology, profitable crops (tobacco and cotton), and the expansion of slave labor

Question 32

Where did the Mormons settle?

Answer 32

Utah

Question 33

Where was the lumbering industry?

Answer 33

Midwest and pacific Northwest

Question 34

What climate was present for open range cattle ranching?

Answer 34

Semi-arid plains and prairies

Question 35

What was the dust bowl?

Answer 35

Dirt storm that occurred in the Great Plains region that was devastated by drought because of land being overworked.

Question 36

What are the buffalo commons?

Answer 36

Depopulated areas that should be open range for bison

Question 37

Why did the Great Migration occur?

Answer 37

Segregation in the South, Jim Crow laws, Black codes, job opportunities in the north for industrial workers

Question 38

Why was immigration around 1930-1965 a bust?

Answer 38

Immigration restrictions, Less economic opportunity (Great Depression, WWII), reconstruction

Question 39

What occurred during the second great migration?

Answer 39

5 million African Americans moved to the west, midwest, and north east

Question 40

In 1918, the US government exempted Mexicans from normal immigration requirements why?

Answer 40

Because they needed them as temporary workers and there was an increased active recruitment of Mexican workers

Question 41

What was special about the Nationality Act of 1952?

Answer 41

Upheld national origins quota system and ended Asian exclusion, yet it still has a preference system based on family reunification and skill sets, still had racial restrictions on asians their quota was based on race not nationality

Question 42

Describe the immigration boom.

Answer 42

1961, the number of immigrants has been increasing from 7 million to 14 million

Question 43

What led to the immigration boom?

Answer 43

Immigration reform, civil rights movement, and no more quota systems

Question 44

What impact did the 1965 legislation have on western hemisphere?

Answer 44

End of Bracero program, no preference system, limits are placed on Mexico and Latin America

Question 45

What did the immigration reform and control act say?

Answer 45

Amended, revised, and reformed the status of unauthorized immigrants, stated it is illegal to hire undocumented immigrants knowingly, and gave amnesty to people already working in the US

Question 46

Under which categories are permanent residents admitted?

Answer 46

Family relationship, employment sponsorship, humanitarian protection, Diversity visa lottery

Question 47

Where in the US do newly naturalized citizens live?

Answer 47

California (most), Florida, Texas, New York, New Jersey

Question 48

How can you become unauthorized?

Answer 48

Entering the country unauthorized, Staying beyond authorized period, and violating terms of entry