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Government > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the problem with the 1936 Literary Digest Poll?

A

Sample not representitive of population (Only car onwers could participate)

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2
Q

What is the Bradley/Halo Effect?

A

Giving the socially acceptable answer

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3
Q

What states have mail ballots?

A

Utah

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4
Q

What is the midterm voter turnout?

A

1/3rd

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5
Q

Countries using proportional representation (PR) vote systems to be

A

Multi-Party Systems

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6
Q

The early American political leader to warn people about political parties was

A

George Washington

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7
Q

The president who transformed his political party into a mass membership organization stressing loyalty to the party was

A

Andrew Jackson

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8
Q

The Republican party emerge from the collapse of which party?

A

The Whig Party

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9
Q

In the late 1800s, the Democratic Party generally recieved votes from who?

A

Catholic Immigrants in Northern industrial states

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10
Q

From 1932 - 1968, which party was the dominant party?

A

The Democratic Party

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11
Q

When did Southern states become a Republican stronghold?

A

The Sixth Party System of 1968 - 2016

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12
Q

What group of people who once reliably GOP, now shift to the Democratic Party?

A

College educated white women

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13
Q

What’s an example of a canidate centered third party?

A

The Reform Party (1990s)

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14
Q

A third party largely made up of farmers in the upper midwest/great plains

A

The Populist Party

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15
Q

An interest group composed of businesses in a specific industry

A

Trade Association

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16
Q

In-House Lobbyist

A

Someone who lobbies on behalf of an organization where they work as part of their job

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17
Q

Public Interest Groups

A

Interest groups that represent a class of people and advocate for policies to improve public goods

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18
Q

Interest groups are most likely to reflect what type of people?

A

Well educated professionals

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19
Q

Solidarity Incentives

A

When someone join an interest groups because they enjoy interacting with other members of the group

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20
Q

Has the number of interest groups and lobbyist’s in Washington declined?

A

No

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21
Q

Iron Triangle

A

A pattern of interactions between congressional committees, executive branch agencies, and interest groups

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22
Q

Free Riding

A

Not belonging to an organization nor paying dues yet still benefiting from the activities

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23
Q

Business sector totaling the largest amount of contributions to parties and canidates in 2016

A

Finacial/Insurance/Real estate

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24
Q

AARP

A

Membership organization of 38 million dues paying members, consistantly ranked a very influencial interest group

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25
Q

Political Socialization

A

Process by which people acquire political
beliefs and attitudes

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26
Q

Push Polls

A

Use of leading questions/statements

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27
Q

Delegate Model

A

Elected officials follow public opinion

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28
Q

Trustee Model

A

Elected officials use best judgement

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29
Q

Leading Questions

A

Questions that encourage respondance to give a desired answer

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30
Q

Representitive Sample

A

A group whose demographic
distribution is similar to that of the overall population.

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31
Q

Ballot Fatigue

A

When voters begin to feel disengaged and apathetic

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32
Q

Election Limited to members of particular party

A

Closed Primary

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33
Q

State with a “none of these candidates” option

A

Nevada

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34
Q

First state with online voter registration

A

Arizona

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35
Q

People most likely to vote

A

People over 50

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36
Q

2024 max individual campaign donation

A

$3300

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37
Q

When/where presidential electors cast the Electoral College vote

A

State Capital, December

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38
Q

Overturned the FECA

A

Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

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39
Q

Electoral College

A

Electors chosen by state political parties, electors of party whose candidate receives most
votes within state will be ones to formally cast

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40
Q

Federal Election Commission (FEC)

A

Controls and keeps public records of federal campaign donations, Regulations limit the amounts individuals and organizations may
donate to campaigns and candidates must disclose the source of their
funds.

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41
Q

Hard money

A

A specific funding chain that is provided by a government agency or other financial organizations. It can relate to currency, loans, and political donations

42
Q

Midterm election

A

Congressional election halfway through presidential term

43
Q

Poll tax

A

Used to prevent black people from voting in the South, banned in 24th amendment

44
Q

Recall

A

The removal of a politician or government official by the
voters

45
Q

Residency requirement

A

Voters are required to have proof of residency

46
Q

Soft money

A

Money donated to a political party or group that is not subject to strict federal limits and prohibitions imposed by the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)

47
Q

Statutory voting

A

A corporate voting procedure in which each shareholder is entitled to one vote per share and votes must be divided evenly among the candidates or issues being voted on

48
Q

Super PAC

A

independent expenditure-only political committees that may receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, labor unions and other political action committees

49
Q

open primary

A

open any registered voter regardless of party
affiliation

50
Q

top-two primary

A

also called blanket primary or jungle primary, candidates of all parties compete & top two finishers regardless of party

51
Q

wholesale politics

A

a mode of campaigning that involves indirect contact with citizens, such as running campaign ads

52
Q

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (2002)

A

banned unlimited soft money contributions to national party committees, increased individual contribution limit, candidates required to provide disclosure on ads

53
Q

caucus

A

A meeting of the local members of a political party especially to select delegates to a convention or register preferences for candidates running for office

54
Q

coattail effect

A

popular presidential candidate or political party leader attracts votes for other candidates of the same party in an election

55
Q

early voting

A

Voting allowed before election day

56
Q

Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)

A

It imposed restrictions on the amounts of monetary or other contributions that could lawfully be made to federal candidates and parties, and mandated disclosure of contributions and expenditures in campaigns for federal office

57
Q

gerrymander

A

drawing electoral district
lines to advantage and disadvantage some
segments of society

58
Q

initiative

A

voters approve or reject proposed law

59
Q

political action committee (PAC)

A

can raise unlimited funds so long as they do not coordinate with candidates’ campaigns

60
Q

primary election

A

used to select candidates to
represent political party in the general election

61
Q

referendum

A

voter approve or reject law passed by
elected officials

62
Q

retail politics

A

a political strategy or campaign style of meeting and speaking directly to as many voters as possible

63
Q

voter registration

A

Handled at the state level, Many states register voters by political party

64
Q

superdelegate

A

important members of party who serve as delegates free to vote for any candidate regardless of their state’s primary/caucus result

65
Q

swing state (battleground state)

A

Campaign strategies focus on states that could be won by either party

66
Q

voter turnout

A

Voter participation low compared to other countries

67
Q

write-in vote

A

a vote cast for a candidate whose name does not appear on the official list of candidates, usually because they have not been selected by a political party

68
Q

civil service system

A

replaces patronage (spoils) system for govt. hiring

69
Q

divided government

A

Situation when one or more chambers of the legislature are controlled by party in opposition to party of the executive

70
Q

Madison’s Federalist Number 51

A

Madison argues the
constitution’s system of checks and balances would
guard against any one faction from dominating the
political process and govt

71
Q

party-in-government

A

made up of party members who are elected
to office

72
Q

party organization

A

formal structure of the political party; its active members are responsible for coordinating party behavior and supporting party candidates

73
Q

patronage (spoils) system

A

a post-election practice in which a political party winning an election rewards its campaign workers and other active supporters with appointment to government posts and other favors

74
Q

proportional representation (PR)

A

parties gain seats in parliament in proportion to
percentage of popular vote received

75
Q

Enduring Parties

A

currently ideological parties: Libertarian Party since 1971, Green Party since 1984

76
Q

candidate-centered parties

A

Reform Party in 1990s

77
Q

Single-Issue Parties

A

Prohibition Party

78
Q

Fusion Parties

A

cross endorsement of candidates – only allowed in a few states, most prominent being New York

79
Q

one-party system

A

only one party allowed to hold power

80
Q

Two-party system

A

two major parties dominate but other parties
allowed to operate

81
Q

Multi-party system

A

more than two parties compete and gain representation in govt

82
Q

critical election

A

an electoral earthquake where new issues emerge, new coalitions replace old ones, and the majority party is often displaced by the minority party

83
Q

plurality voting

A

an electoral process where a candidate, party, or proposition polls more votes than any other but does not receive more than half of all votes cast

84
Q

party-in-the-electorate

A

People who consider themselves to be members
of a political party

85
Q

party platform

A

a document that outlines a political party’s principles, goals, and positions on domestic and foreign affairs

86
Q

progressive movement

A

called for disclosure
requirements for campaign contributions,
an eight-hour workday, a federal income
tax, and women’s suffrage

87
Q

Washington’s Farewell Address

A

“Political parties
serve to organize faction…to put in place of the
delegated will of the Nation, the will of the party”

88
Q

Free Rider Problem

A

Benefiting from interest group activity
without incurring cost of group membership

89
Q

iron triangle

A

Patterns of interactions among legislative
committee, executive branch department or
agency, and interest groups

90
Q

in-house lobbyist

A

works exclusively for their
organization as paid staff member

91
Q

contract lobbyist

A

an external contractor, a “hired
gun” who may work for multiple clients

92
Q

membership organization

A

consist of people who pay dues to be members of
organization formed to promote particular cause
or issue

93
Q

revolving door

A

the movement of high-level employees from public-sector jobs to private-sector jobs and vice versa

94
Q

Material incentives

A

economic self-interest

95
Q

Purposive incentives

A

personal belief & commitment to issues
addressed by group

96
Q

Solidarity incentives

A

social benefits (camaraderie, recognition) derived
from group membership

97
Q

grassroots movement

A

utilizing interest group members and the public
to contact govt. officials

98
Q

lobbying

A

direct contact with government officials in attempt
to influence policy

99
Q

inside lobbying (direct lobbying)

A

expressing group’s message to government officials

100
Q

outside lobbying (indirect lobbying)

A

taking group’s message to the general public hoping
government officials respond to public opinion

101
Q

lobbyist regulations

A

Anyone representing foreign entities must register as
lobbyist, a lobbyist is anyone who
spends 20% of their work time lobbying Congress or the executive branch, Lobbyists must register within 45 days of
hire or making their first contact, Disclosure reports filed twice a year

102
Q

voting cues

A

refers to any signal that reveals to a legislator what values are at stake in a upcoming vote

Government (5 decks)

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