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Government > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system controlled by private for profit business (Economic Liberty)

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2
Q

Democracy

A

Political authority vested in the people

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3
Q

Political culture

A

widely shared ideas, beliefs, and values about
govt. & political processes

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4
Q

Elements of American political culture

A

Libery, equality, democracy, capitalism

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5
Q

Classical Liberalism

A

Political philosophy asserting worth and dignity
of individuals, emphasizing rational ability of
human beings to determine their own destinies

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6
Q

Equality

A

Being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities

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7
Q

Liberty

A

The power or scope to act as one pleases

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8
Q

Politics

A

struggle over power or influence within
organizations or informal groups that can grant
benefits or privileges

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9
Q

Totalitarian

A

govt. controls all aspects of society

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10
Q

Authoritarian

A

Regime fully controls govt. but does not control all social and economic institutions of society

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11
Q

Theocracy

A

Religious leader controls govt. relying on religious precepts

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12
Q

Aristocracy

A

A form of government in which power is held by the nobility

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13
Q

First immigration restrictions passed by congress

A

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

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14
Q

What law established an immigrant quota system?

A

Immigration Act of 1921

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15
Q

What type of people did the Immigration Act of 1921 favor?

A

Immigrants from northern & western
European countries with Protestant populations

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16
Q

Where have most immigrants come from since 1965?

A

Latin America and Asia

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17
Q

When was the Colonial Era/Early Independence?

A

1600s - mid 1800s

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18
Q

Where were most voluntary immigrants from during the Colonial Era/Early Independence?

A

Western and Northern Europe, Protestant

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19
Q

Where were most involuntary immigrants from during the Colonial Era/Early Independence?

A

Africa

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20
Q

When was the Great Wave?

A

1870 - 1920

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21
Q

Along with Northern/Western Europe, where were most immigrants from during the Great Wave?

A

Southern and Eastern Europe, Catholic and Orthodox/Jewish people

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22
Q

Where was heavy settlement during the Great Wave?

A

Northern industrial states and rural farming Midwest/Great Plains states

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23
Q

What is the amendment process?

A

Proposed amendment must pass a 2/3rds vote in House and Senate, then 3/4ths of the state legislature must approve

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24
Q

What political group was against ratifying the Constitution?

A

Anti-Federalists

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25
Q

What was added to the Constitution addressing the concerns of the Anti-Federalists?

A

The Bill of Rights

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26
Q

What type of people were the Anti-Federalists?

A

Small-scale farmers, frontier settlers, debtors

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27
Q

Anti-Federalist leaders

A

Patrick Henry, George Mason, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, George Clinton

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28
Q

What did the Articles of Confederation not have?

A

Executive or Judicial Branch

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29
Q

What were the requirements for anything to pass in the Articles of Confederation?

A

9/13 votes

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30
Q

What were the requirements for amendments to pass in the Articles of Confederation?

A

Unanimous consent

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31
Q

What type of government did the Articles create?

A

Strong state governments, weak central gov.

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32
Q

What was the biggest financial problem with the Articles?

A

The government lacked the power to tax the states

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33
Q

What was the biggest security problem with the Articles?

A

Gov. lacked the power to raise a standing army or navy

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34
Q

What was another economic problem with the Articles?

A

National currency was worthless, states only wanted to use their own funds

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35
Q

What initially called for a bicameral legislature?

A

The Great Compromise

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36
Q

What part of the bicameral legislature came from the Virginia Plan?

A

House of Representatives

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37
Q

What part of the bicameral legislature came from the New Jersey Plan?

A

The Senate

38
Q

What are the term limits for the House?

A

2 years

39
Q

What are the term limits for the Senate?

A

6 years

40
Q

What is the Bill of Rights?

A

The first ten amendments in the Constitution

41
Q

What are checks and balances?

A

All the government branches keeping the others from becoming too powerful

42
Q

What types of people were the constitutional convention delegates?

A

Upper-class members of society

43
Q

What were some issues of the constitutional convention?

A

Slavery and suffrage

44
Q

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

45
Q

Who does the Electoral College elect?

A

The president

46
Q

Enumerated/delegated powers

A

Powers expressly given to nation gov. in Constitution

47
Q

What type of people were federalists?

A

Property owners, creditors, merchants, city dwellers, commercial farmers

48
Q

Federalist Leaders

A

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, George Washington

49
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

state courts respect the laws and judgments of courts from other states

50
Q

What is The Great Compromise?

A

A combination of the New Jersey plan and the Virginia plan

51
Q

judicial review

A

The judicial branch checks on the executive and legislative branches and defines things as constitutional

52
Q

What are our natural rights?

A

Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

53
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

gives Congress power to make “all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution” other federal powers

54
Q

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A

One state, one vote

55
Q

What must congressional officials do to swear into office?

A

Make an oath to uphold the constitution

56
Q

Term of office length for a federal judge

A

Life

57
Q

supremacy clause

A

the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws

58
Q

What was required to ratify the Constitution?

A

9/13 states vote

59
Q

What state failed to send a delegate to the constitutional convention?

A

Rhode Island

60
Q

What are reserved powers?

A

Powers not explicitly granted to the federal gov. and given to the state

61
Q

What was Shay’s Rebellion?

A

An uprising of Massachusetts farmers calling for a stronger national government

62
Q

The Federalist Papers

A

A series of essays defending the Constitution

63
Q

three-fifths compromise

A

Slaves were considered 3/5ths of people in population counts

64
Q

unicameral legislature

A

consists of only one house

65
Q

First Amendment

A

freedom of religion, speech,
press, and assembly

66
Q

2nd AMendment

A

right to keep and bear
arms

67
Q

Third Amendment

A

prohibits quartering of
soldiers

68
Q

Fourth Amendment:

A

protects people against
unreasonable search and seizure

69
Q

Fifth Amendment:

A

protects rights of people
accused of crimes

70
Q

Sixth Amendment:

A

court procedures to protect
rights of people accused of crimes

71
Q

Seventh Amendment

A

civil case right to jury trial

72
Q

Eighth Amendment:

A

prohibits excessive bail and
cruel and unusual punishment

73
Q

Ninth Amendment:

A

may be other rights retained
by the people

74
Q

Tenth Amendment:

A

owers not delegated to U.S.
nor prohibited to States are reserved to the States

75
Q

Thirteen Amendment

A

abolished slavery

76
Q

Fourteenth Amendment

A

provided citizenship to
former slaves & equal protection under the law

77
Q

Fifteenth Amendment:

A

all men regardless of race
or color have the right to vote

78
Q

Seventeenth Amendment

A

direct election of
Senators

79
Q

Nineteenth Amendment

A

right to vote for women

80
Q

Twenty-Third Amendment

A

residents of
Washington, DC can vote for president

81
Q

Twenty-Fourth Amendment

A

prohibits poll taxes

82
Q

Twenty-Sixth Amendment

A

reduced voting age
from 21 to 18

82
Q

What powers are concurred between the state and nat gov.

A

Taxation

82
Q

confederation

A

authority rests with subnational governments

82
Q

cooperative federalism

A

national & state share power over public policy

83
Q

dual federalism

A

co-equal levels of govt divide public policy based
on national or local interest

84
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

A

central questions: defining commerce and
supremacy of national laws

85
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

A

central questions: could Congress create a
national bank and, if so, could a state tax it

86
Q

United States v. Lopez (1995)

A

stuck down portions of the Gun-Free School
Zones Act

87
Q

United States v. Morrison (2000)

A

stuck down portions of the Violence Against
Women Act

Government (5 decks)

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