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DH121 Oral Biology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Odontogensis

A

Process of tooth development

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2
Q

Oral Epithelium

A

Comes from Ectoderm lining stomodeum made of 2 arches w/ horseshoe shape (ectoderm gives rise to Epithelium)

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3
Q

Mesenchyme cells come from

A

Neural crest cells
Found underlying epithelium

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4
Q

Tooth development stages #1

A
  1. Initiation @ 6th week of prenatal developmental

-INDUCTION initiates Oral Epithelium to proliferate into Mesenchyme (10 areas on top and 10 areas on bottom)

*lack of initiation = tooth won’t start developing and tooth will be absent

As initiation starts the Epithelium proliferates deep into the Mesenchyme
to form a strand of tissue called Dental Lamina becoming a bud (tooth bud)

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5
Q

Ectomesenchyme is

A

Coming from ectoderm

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6
Q

Tooth Development Stage 2

A

Bud Stage (PROLIFERATION) @8th week

Bud forms due to growth of Dental Lamina penetrating Mesenchyme

Bud continues to proliferate. differentiation and Morphogenesis turns bud into cap

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7
Q

Tooth development stage 3

A

Cap Stage (proliferation, differentiation, Morphogenesis) @ 9th-10th week

Mesenchymal cells inside and outside cap proliferating and condensing to form Tooth Germ (future tooth)

Cap continues to proliferate deeper and elongates into bell

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8
Q

Tooth Germ
Made up by

A

ENAMEL ORGAN
-future enamel (cap lookalike)

DENTAL PAPILLA
-future dentin and pulp (inside cap)

DENTAL SAC
-future periodontium=cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone (outside cap)

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9
Q

Tooth Development Stage 4

A

Bell stage (@ various times of development)

Proliferation, DIFFERENTIATION, Morphogenesis

4 different cell types found within Enamel organ (inner to outer)

Inner enamel epithelium
Stratum intermedium
Stellate reticulum
Outer enamel epithelium

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10
Q

Inner enamel epithelium (4th bell stage)

A

Differentiates into future Ameloblasts (cells responsible for enamel formation)

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11
Q

Stratum intermedium - compressed cuboidal

Stellate reticulum - star shape

A

Both layers of enamel organ help support future production of enamel

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12
Q

Outer enamel epithelium

A

Protective barrier for enamel organ

Provides nutrients to Ameloblasts to support their activity

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13
Q

Bell stage ( tooth development stage 4)

Dental papilla

Dental papilla cell types

A

Dental papilla
-cells align along basement membrane and state elongating

Cell types:
outer cells of dental papilla
Inner cells of dp

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14
Q

(Bell stage)

Outer cells of dental papilla
Inner cells of dental papilla

Odontoblasts are doing what during bell stage?

A

Differentiates into odontoblasts (cells responsible for dentin formation)

Differentiates into Fibroblasts (major cells for pulp tissue)

Odontoblasts: begin their production early on to lay down the Dentin Matrix then calcify it
Also move inward towards the center of the Dental papilla

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15
Q

Tooth development stage 5

Name of stage, week #
Matrix is? formed by?
Ameloblasts form? How?
What happens when ameloblast finish their job?

A

Apposition Stage (@various times of development)

induction and proliferation

Matrix (organic materials-proteins, carbs, lipids) formed by Ameloblasts
-Calcified later from tapered end of columnar like cells (Tomes process)

Ameloblasts form enamel completely starting at cusp tip/Incisal edge to outward (opposition growth=layer after layer overlapping) becoming shorter and all 4 layers of enamel organ become compressed to form cuticle placed on newly developed crown (reduced enamel epithelium)

Ameloblasts finish their job and we gone forever! Enamel can’t be regenerated

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16
Q

Tooth development stage 6

Name and week #
What happens to dental tissue

A

Maturation stage (@ various time of development)

Dental tissue fully mineralized and calcified

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17
Q

Once basement membrane disintegrates and dentin matrix is laid down what is established

A

Dentoenamel junction (DEJ)

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18
Q

Disintegration of basement membrane induces ___ ______ to differentiate into ____ who will lay down ____ ____. They _____ enamel matrix and ____ ____

A

Pre-ameloblasts to differentiate into ameloblasts who will lay down enamel matrix, calcify it and move outward

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19
Q

Odontoblasts

Ameloblasts

A

Inward

Outward

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20
Q

Dentin is always ____ than enamel
Why?

A

Thicker
Because of production of dentin starts earlier than the production of enamel

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21
Q

When odontoblasts finish their job they ? Making ?

A

Stay at pulp wall making new dentin as long as tooth is alive

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22
Q

Cervical loop

A

Responsible for root development

Most cervical rim of enamel organ made up of 2 layers
-inner enamel epithelium
-outer enamel epithelium

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23
Q

Hertwig epithelial root sheath proliferates deep into ___ ____
Making…

A

Proliferates deep into dental papilla making shape of root
-curved or straight, short or long, single or multiple

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24
Q

Hertwig epithelial root sheath proliferates inducing cells of dental papilla to

HERS then disintegrates and

A

Differentiate into odontoblasts who start making dentin in root area

Newly formed root dentin in contact with cells of dental sac

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25
Q

Induction of dental sac causes it to differentiate into _____ who align themselves along root dentin and start making ____ ____. They ____ it and move out.
But the cementobalsts stay where ?

A

Cementoblasts
Cemento matrix
Calcify

On wall of cementum

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26
Q

Epithelial Rests of malassez

What can it do in the future ?

A

Remnant of disintegrated Hertwig Epithelial Root Sheath

It can proliferate in the future and become cyst found in mature periodontal ligament (periodontal cyst);

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27
Q

When if the tooth ready to erupt? Which happens before what?

A

When crown formed

Happens before root completed which can take ~ 2-4 years after tooth erupts

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28
Q

Reduced enamel epithelium fuses with ____. Enzyme starts disintegrating the fused tissue. This is all know as _____?

A

Fuses with oral epithelium and enzyme starts disintegrating fused tissue (teething)
Discomfort and inflammation

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29
Q

Permanent tooth starts initiating tooth development when primary tooth in ____ stage.

Permanent tooth has its dental Lamina _____ to primary tooth for succedaneous teeth

A

Cap
Lingually

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30
Q

Nonsuccedaneous teeth develop _____ like primary teeth

A

Normally

31
Q

Nasmyth membrane

A

Residue that may form on newly erupted teeth
Leaving teeth extrinsically stained (can go away from brushing)

32
Q

Odontoclasts

A

Cells responsible for root resorption

33
Q

Suffixes for cell
-blasts
-clasts
-cytes

A

Forming cells
Resorbing cells
Maintains cells

34
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bony portion being resorbed

35
Q

Prenatal development

A

Fertilization to birth

36
Q

Postnatal development

A

Continuing development after baby born (neonatal)

37
Q

Fertilization

A

Jointing of sex cells/gametes
-spermocyte, male
-secondary oocyte, female

38
Q

Zygote

Goes through ____ until reaching ___ ___ __ _____

A

Fertilized egg

Goes through mitosis until reaching back wall of uterus

39
Q

Ovulation happens at about day

Secondary oocyte survives
Sperm survives

When should you target to get pregnant

A

14

Several hours
About 48 hours

Day 12-16

40
Q

Male and female gametes contain ____ ____ ____
By going though ___

A

Haploid chromosome number (23) by going through meiosis

41
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division resulting in daughter cells having haploid chromosome number (23)

42
Q

Diploid chromosome number needed to create human

A

46

43
Q

Preimplantation period
Days?
Zygote goes through ___ and becomes___ that then becomes ___

A

7-10 days

Zygote goes through mitosis becoming morula (solid ball of cells) ->blastocyst which differentiates into embryoblast (bunch of cells)

44
Q

Embryonic period

A

2-8 weeks

45
Q

Embryonic period

Induction
Proliferation
Differentiation
Morphogenesis
Maturation

A

Group of cells induce other group of cells to take different path

Controlled cellular growth

Change in cell to become distinct structurally and functionally

Cell takes different shape or form

Attainment of adult function and size

46
Q

Embryonic period

Embyroblast differentiate into 2 layers ?

A

Epiblast layer and hypoblast layer

47
Q

Epiblast layer continues to proliferate and forms

A

Depression where cells migrate in between 2 layers forming Trilaminar Disc
-with inside cells called Mesoderm cells (from migratory cells from epiblast)

48
Q

Epiblast layer to ____
Hypoblast layer to ____

A

Ectoderm
Endoderm

49
Q

Trilaminar embryonic disc

A

Ectoderm- epithelium-outer covering
Mesoderm-everything in middle expect oral pharyngeal and cloacal membrane
Endoderm-lining of digestive tract

50
Q

@4th week embryo folds by pushing endoderm into ____ and ____ in between

A

Ectoderm with mesoderm in between

51
Q

Oral pharyngeal and cloacal membrane are Temporary and will disintegrate forming
Only ___ and ____. No

A

Stomodeum And end of digestive tract
Only ectoderm and endoderm no mesoderm

52
Q

Mesenchyme from neural crest cells is

A

Connective tissue in head and neck area

53
Q

Ectoderm lining stomodeum differentiate into

A

Epithelium lining primitive mouth

54
Q

Head develops from 5 processes

A

2 Mandibular
2 maxillary
1 Frontonasal

55
Q

Mandibular processes form

A

Form mandible With Mandibular teeth
Lower lip
(Lower third of face)

56
Q

Maxillary processes form

A

(Middle third of face)
Side of upper lip
Cheeks
Secondary palate
Posterior portion of maxilla
Maxillary canines
Posterior teeth
Zygomatic bones
temporal bones

57
Q

Frontonasal processes form

A

Forehead
Bridge of nose
Primary palate
Nasal septum
All structures of medial nasal processes, nasal placodes, nasal pits
(Upper third of face)

58
Q

Maxillary and Mandibular processes fuse to form

A

Labial commissures

59
Q

Medial nasal processes fuse together to form

Gives rise to

A

Middle portion of nose
Philtrum

Inter maxillary segment

60
Q

Intermaxillary segment gives rise to

A

Primary palate
Nasal septum
Maxillary portion that Carrie’s incisors

61
Q

Frontonasal process and maxillary processes fuse together to form

A

Upper lip

62
Q

Lateral nasal process gives rise to

A

Ala of nose

63
Q

Medial lateral and maxillary processes fuse together to form

A

Nostrils

64
Q

Pharyngeal apparatus

A

Neck develops from

Made of arches groove and pouches

65
Q

1st Mandibular Branchial arches

A

Meckels cartilage
Muscles of mastication
5th cranial, Trigeminal nerve

Frogs body of tongue

66
Q

2nd hyoid arch

A

Reicherts cartilage
Muscles of facial expression
7th facial nerve

Forms base of tongue

67
Q

3rd Branchial arch

A

Unnamed
Pharyngeal muscle
9th glossopharyngeal nerve

Forms base of tongue

68
Q

4th and 6th Branchial arch

A

Unnamed
Larynx and pharynx muscle
10th vagus nerve

Forms base of tongue (4th only)

69
Q

Branchial grooves

A

1st forms external acoustic meatus

Last 4 obliterate to give neck smooth contour

70
Q

Branchial membranes

A

1st forms Tympanic membrane
Last 4 membranes temporary

71
Q

Branchial pouches

A

1st form’s auditory tube and tympanic cavities

2nd forms palatine Tonsillar tissue

3rd and 4th forms thymus and parathyroid glands

72
Q

Palate formed by

A

2 secondary palates from maxillary processes

1 primary (from Intermaxillary segment p)
2 secondary palates fuse together to from median palatine suture

Fusion of 1and 2 compete palate
-fusing between lateral incisor and canine

73
Q

Tongue develops from

1st arch gives rise to 2 ____ ____ ____ and they fuse to from ____ ____ ____

_____ fuses with 2 lateral lingual swellings to from ____ ____

A

Lingual swellings from 1st 4 Branchial arches

1st arch gives rise to 2 lateral lingual swellings fusing together to form medial lingual sulcus

Copula fuses with 2 lateral lingual swellings to form sulcus terminals (v shape between body and base)

DH121 Oral Biology (7 decks)

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