Exam 2

Question 1

require oxygen for survival and energy metabolism

Answer 1

aerobes

Question 2

do not require oxygen for survival and energy metabolism

Answer 2

anaerobes

Question 3

bacteria and archaea that live in acidic environments

Answer 3

acidophiles

Question 4

occupy the opposite end of the pH spectrum and grow best at pH 9 to pH 11

Answer 4

Alkaliphiles

Question 5

have membranes/proteins adapted to high temperatures, typically 55°C (131°F) and higher

Answer 5

Thermophiles

Question 6

what are the most metabolically and physiologically diverse organisms on Earth?

Answer 6

Bacteria

Question 7

what cycle converts nitrogen into various forms?

Answer 7

The nitrogen cycle

Question 8

what is needed by cells to make proteins and nucleic acids?

Answer 8

nitrogen

Question 9

______ make their own carbon compounds starting with CO2

Answer 9

Autotrophs

Question 10

_____ obtain carbon compounds from other organisms

Answer 10

Heterotrophs

Question 11

Asexual Reproduction (no egg/sperm)
- may be symmetrical or asymmetrical

Answer 11

Binary Fission (one parent cell divides and forms two offspring cells)

Question 12

prevent some types of bacteria from growing, favoring the growth of one specific type

Answer 12

Selective Media

Question 13

species grow equally well but compounds in the media (agar) are metabolized differently, distinguished by color indicator

Answer 13

Differential media

Question 14

a synthetic medium which components are limited to only the nutrients the organism needs to grow

Answer 14

Minimal medium

Question 15

used to grow fussy/fastidious organisms that have very specific set of nutritional requirements beyond basic media

Answer 15

Complex medium/(En)Rich(ed) media

Question 16

way of isolating colonies
dilutions of original culture are spread on agar plates

Answer 16

Spread Plate technique

Question 17

allows for separation of colonies into pure cultures

Answer 17

Isolation Streaking

Question 18

H. Influenzae B (HiB) is transmitted by..

Answer 18

direct contact or airborne route

Question 19

_____ are combinations of atoms

Answer 19

Molecules

Question 20

Major macromolecules of cells include

Answer 20

• Lipids
• Polysaccharides (carbs, sugars)
• Nucleic Acids
• Proteins

Question 21

Lipids have

Answer 21

polar hydrophilic head
non-polar hydrophobic tail

Question 22

Ability to do work is

Answer 22

Energy

Question 23

States that matter and energy are neither created nor destroyed

Answer 23

First Law of Thermodynamics

Question 24

States that, in all energy transformations, some energy becomes unavailable to do work and is lost as entropy, or disorder

Answer 24

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Question 25

___ is a biological catalyst

Answer 25

An enzyme

Question 26

Which level of protein structure consists of peptide bonds?

Answer 26

Primary

Question 27

These lower the activation energy of a reaction AND they are not consumed during the reaction

Answer 27

Enzymes

Question 28

What will occur when a mammalian cell is placed in a HYPERTONIC environment?

Answer 28

the volume of the cell will shrink bc water flows out of it

Question 29

DNA floats around in cytoplasm in the bacteria of what kind of cells? (No structure)

Answer 29

Prokaryotic Cells

Question 30

these cells have a nucleus with chromosomes where DNA is stored (with structure)

Answer 30

Eukaryotic Cells