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Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between an infectious disease and communicable disease?

A

Infectious: An infectious agent that is found in the host of a cell. May or many not be contagious

Communicable: there must be a portal of exit from infected person, mode of transmission, and a portal of entry to a susceptible host.

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2
Q

Examples of infectious disease (not contagious)

A

Zika
Malaria
Valley Fever
Tetanus
Lyme disease

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3
Q

Examples of communicable disease

A

measles
HIV
TB
Ebola
Rabies
Covid-19
Hepatitis
Strep B
Pneumonia

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4
Q

What is the infectious triad?

A

Host - who
Agent - what
Environment - where

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5
Q

What is the chain of infection?

A

Agent
-Reservoir
-Portal of exit
-Transmission
-Portal of entry
-Host

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6
Q

What is Pathogenicity?

A

The ability of the agent to produce an infectious disease in a susceptible host

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7
Q

What is infectivity?

A

Ability of the agent to invade the host and replicate

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8
Q

What is Virulence?

A

Severity of the infectious disease that results from exposure to the agent

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9
Q

What is toxicity

A

ability of the agent to produe toxins

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10
Q

What is immunogenicty

A

ability of the agent to produce specific immunity within the host

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11
Q

What is invasiveness

A

ability of the agent to destroy body cells

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12
Q

What is a carrier ?

A

A person or animal who harbors an infectious organism and can spread it to others

A carrier will NOT have symptoms

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13
Q

What is colonization?

A

Presence and multiplication of infectious organisms w/o invading or causing damage to tissue, urine, skin

DOES NOT CAUSE AN INFECTION OR INJURY - just present

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14
Q

What is the incubation period

A

time between contact w. the infectious agent and the first sign of the disease

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15
Q

What is the prodromal phase?

A

vague S/S signaling onset of a disease

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16
Q

What is the clinical phase?

A

manifesting the typical s/s

17
Q

What is decline phase

A

s/s are subsiding

18
Q

What is recovery phase

A

s/s resolve, but there can be permanent damage

19
Q

What are examples of portals of entry?

A

-Respirator
-GI
-Skin
-Mucous membrane
-Eyes
-Blood vessels

20
Q

What are examples of portals of exit

A

-Resp secretions
-feces
-blood
-semen
-vaginal secretions
-saliva and emesis
-Skin lesion exudates

21
Q

What is a reservoir

A

-location where an infectious agent is normally found

-Where it lives and reproduces under normal circumstances

Examples: humans, animals, plants, insects, water, soil, surfaces

22
Q

What is zoonoses?

A

infections transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans

23
Q

What is Fomite?

A

Any non-biological surface that a pathogen can live on

24
Q

What is a vehicle ?

A

Any substance that can carry a pathogen to a host (soil, air, water)

25
Q

How can we prevent the spread of foodborne diseases

A

-Pasteurization
-Handwashing, clean surfaces and food, cooking, storage, expiration dates

26
Q

How can we prevent the spread of waterborne diseases

A

Water supply and quality, pool water, contaminated fresh water

27
Q

How can we prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections

A

Education
treatment regiments
screening procedures
prevention strategies

28
Q

What is Herd immunity

A

A large portion of the population are not susceptible to a communicable disease

-the few that are susceptible are less likely to be exposed and contract the disease

29
Q

What is Natural immunity (innate)

A

Natural defense mechanisms of the body to resist specific antigens or toxins

30
Q

What is Acquired immunity

A

actual exposure to infectious agent

31
Q

What is active immunity

A

the bodies production of antibodies in response to infection or immunization of a specific antigen

32
Q

What is passive immunity

A

transfer of antibodies to the host
-through placenta or breastmilk
-transfusion of immunoglobulins
-plasma proteins
-antitoxins

33
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

-Airborne or droplet
-mycobacterium in lung
-causes lesions in lungs, brain, kidneys, spine

S/S: Fatigue, cough, weight loss, +PPD, Low-grade fever, night sweats

34
Q

C. Diff

A

They can live for a LONG time bc they become spores that can live for months and sometimes years on surface and in the soil

35
Q

Hep A

A

Contamination of food (frozen or uncooked, harvested, processing, handling, or even cooking)

S/S: usually last less than 2 months, but can have symptoms for as long as 6 months.

36
Q

Hep C

A

Liver infection caused by (HCV) blood-borne virus

Can be spread through blood (needles).

Short-term illness, but for over 50% of people it can become chronic

Can caused long-term health problems and even death if a liver is needed.

37
Q
A

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