Exam 2 Flashcards by Kristen Shimkus

What is the difference between an infectious disease and communicable disease?

Infectious: An infectious agent that is found in the host of a cell. May or many not be contagious

Communicable: there must be a portal of exit from infected person, mode of transmission, and a portal of entry to a susceptible host.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Examples of infectious disease (not contagious)

Zika
Malaria
Valley Fever
Tetanus
Lyme disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Examples of communicable disease

measles
HIV
TB
Ebola
Rabies
Covid-19
Hepatitis
Strep B
Pneumonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the infectious triad?

Host - who
Agent - what
Environment - where

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the chain of infection?

Agent
-Reservoir
-Portal of exit
-Transmission
-Portal of entry
-Host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Pathogenicity?

The ability of the agent to produce an infectious disease in a susceptible host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is infectivity?

Ability of the agent to invade the host and replicate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Virulence?

Severity of the infectious disease that results from exposure to the agent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is toxicity

ability of the agent to produe toxins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is immunogenicty

ability of the agent to produce specific immunity within the host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is invasiveness

ability of the agent to destroy body cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a carrier ?

A person or animal who harbors an infectious organism and can spread it to others

A carrier will NOT have symptoms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is colonization?

Presence and multiplication of infectious organisms w/o invading or causing damage to tissue, urine, skin

DOES NOT CAUSE AN INFECTION OR INJURY - just present

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the incubation period

time between contact w. the infectious agent and the first sign of the disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the prodromal phase?

vague S/S signaling onset of a disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the clinical phase?

manifesting the typical s/s

What is decline phase

s/s are subsiding

What is recovery phase

s/s resolve, but there can be permanent damage

What are examples of portals of entry?

-Respirator
-GI
-Skin
-Mucous membrane
-Eyes
-Blood vessels

What are examples of portals of exit

-Resp secretions
-feces
-blood
-semen
-vaginal secretions
-saliva and emesis
-Skin lesion exudates

What is a reservoir

-location where an infectious agent is normally found

-Where it lives and reproduces under normal circumstances

Examples: humans, animals, plants, insects, water, soil, surfaces

What is zoonoses?

infections transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans

What is Fomite?

Any non-biological surface that a pathogen can live on

What is a vehicle ?

Any substance that can carry a pathogen to a host (soil, air, water)

How can we prevent the spread of foodborne diseases

-Pasteurization -Handwashing, clean surfaces and food, cooking, storage, expiration dates

How can we prevent the spread of waterborne diseases

Water supply and quality, pool water, contaminated fresh water

How can we prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections

Education treatment regiments screening procedures prevention strategies

What is Herd immunity

A large portion of the population are not susceptible to a communicable disease -the few that are susceptible are less likely to be exposed and contract the disease

What is Natural immunity (innate)

Natural defense mechanisms of the body to resist specific antigens or toxins

What is Acquired immunity

actual exposure to infectious agent

What is active immunity

the bodies production of antibodies in response to infection or immunization of a specific antigen

What is passive immunity

transfer of antibodies to the host -through placenta or breastmilk -transfusion of immunoglobulins -plasma proteins -antitoxins

Tuberculosis (TB)

-Airborne or droplet -mycobacterium in lung -causes lesions in lungs, brain, kidneys, spine S/S: Fatigue, cough, weight loss, +PPD, Low-grade fever, night sweats

C. Diff

They can live for a LONG time bc they become spores that can live for months and sometimes years on surface and in the soil

Hep A

Contamination of food (frozen or uncooked, harvested, processing, handling, or even cooking) S/S: usually last less than 2 months, but can have symptoms for as long as 6 months.

Hep C

Liver infection caused by (HCV) blood-borne virus Can be spread through blood (needles). Short-term illness, but for over 50% of people it can become chronic Can caused long-term health problems and even death if a liver is needed.