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Nursing Fundamentals > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many people die due to medication errors each year?

A

7,000 - 9,000

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2
Q

How much time do Nurses spend administering meds?

A

40% of their time

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3
Q

Steps to take after a medication Error

A
  1. Assess
  2. Inform Dr.
  3. Incident Report
  4. Inform error to pt according to facility policy
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4
Q

Accuneb consists of

A

Sterile water and albuterol
(Bronchodilator)

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5
Q

Budesonide/pulmicort
(Corticosteroid).. what do you do different with this med?

A

Rinse after use for decay of teeth

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6
Q

Crackles and Rales

A

Moist or dry
On inspiration
Bubbly
Indicates pneumonia

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7
Q

Wheezing

A

-Expiration
-Whale sound
High pitch
-Indicates Asthma, Tumor, or obstruction

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8
Q

Ronchi

A

Inspiration & Expiration
Dinosaur
Can clear after cough

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9
Q

Strider

A

Pig sound
Inspiration & Expiration
Airway abstruction
Located in upper airway
Croup, medical emergency

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10
Q

How to Document breath sounds

A

Adventitious breath sounds auscultated on posterior RLL

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11
Q

Dyspnea

A

Painful breathing

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12
Q

Restlessness

A

Early signs of hypoxia

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13
Q

Tachycardia

A

High pulse

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14
Q

Tachypnea

A

Trying to get full breath

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15
Q

Oxygen saturation is emergent if

A

Emergent if 88% or lower

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16
Q

Use of accessory muscles means?

A

Harder moving air

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17
Q

Noisy breathing is an?

A

Obstruction of airway

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18
Q

Flaring of nostrils often happens in

A

Kids and with Asthma

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19
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue skin due to decreased air

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20
Q

Position of patient having trouble breathing

A

Tripod

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21
Q

What do you do with pts w/SOB & inability to speak full sentences

A

Count words in between breaths

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22
Q

Important things with Respirations to document

A

Signs of distress
Rate, Rhythm, Depth
Lung field
Posterior vs Anterior
Sound?
Inspiration/Expiration or both?

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23
Q

Specimen Collection

A

Order needed
Who?
What? Sputum/swab/tube
When? Time if day
Where? Location and how to collect

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24
Q

Ventilation

A

Movement of air in and out of the lungs through the act of breathing

25
Q

Respiration

A

Exchange of gases- oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs

26
Q

Inhalation

A

Expansion of the chest cavity. Lungs creates negative pressure, causing air to be drawn in the nose or mouth
(part of ventilation)

27
Q

Exhalation

A

When muscles relax. Chest & lungs return to normal size.
(part of ventillation)

28
Q

Factors that affect Ventilation

A

Respiratory rate and depth
Airway resistance
Lung compliance (ease)
Lung elasticity (elastic recoil)
Hyperventilation (Too much CO2 removal)
Hypoventilation (CO2 isn’t eliminated good)

29
Q

Diffusion

A

Exchange of gases O2 & CO2 between lungs & blood at the alveolar cellular membrane level

             (part of Respiration) 
       .            (in lungs)
30
Q

Perfusion

A

Exchange of the gases O2 and CO2 between the blood and the rest if the body.
(part of respiration)
. (in the body tissue)

31
Q

Target pulse ox everywhere

A

94-98%

32
Q

Pulse ox for Colorado

A

90-95%

33
Q

Pulse ox for chronic oxygen conditions

A

88-92%

34
Q

What external factors influence oxygen?

A

Age
Environment
Lifestyle
Smoking
Medictions
Pain

35
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast breathing
RR+ 20+

36
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow Breathing
Less than 10 bpm

37
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing

38
Q

Dyspnea

A

Trouble breathing, SOB

39
Q

Orthopnea

A

Dyspnea that occurs when lying flat (they have to sleep proposed up in bed or chair)

40
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

Gradual increase in-depth/rate of respirations…. Then
Gradual decrease in-depth/rate… then a period of apnea

41
Q

Agonal Breathing

A

Lack of oxygen leads to gasping. Usually due to cardiac arrest or stroke. Not true breathing. Reflex where your brain isn’t getting oxygen and it needs it to survive. Sign person is near death.

42
Q

Health History Assessment for Respiratory

A

-Environmental exposure
-Previous respiratory disease, problems, or infections
-Allergies
-Medications
-Family Hostory

43
Q

Physical Exam Assessment for Respiration

A

-Inspect: clubbing, barrel chest, penetrating wounds
-Ausculate
-Breathing pattern/effort
-Cough and sputum
-Diagnostic studies

44
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds

45
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal breath sounds on inspiration, expiration, or both

46
Q

Crackles

A

Disruptive passing of air in small airways.
Popping sound
Sounds moist

47
Q

Ronchi

A

Fluid/mucus in large airway
Continuous rumbling
Snoring/rattling
Cleared with cough

48
Q

Wheeze

A

Airflow through narrowed or obstructed airway
Continuous high pitch whistling

49
Q

Types of Adventitious breath sounds

A

Crackles, Rhonchi, wheeze, diminished, and absent

50
Q

Ineffective airway clearance

A

Inability to maintain a clear airway

51
Q

Ineffective breathing pattern

A

Inadequate ventilation

52
Q

Gas exchange impairment

A

Diffusion if gasses across alveolar/capillary membrane impaired

53
Q

Ineffective Spontaneous ventilation

A

Unable to maintain breathing adequate to support life

54
Q

Atelectasis

A

Lung collapses, mucus accumulated, caused by anything that reduces ventilation

55
Q

Hypoxia

A

Reduced level of tissue oxygenation-
Due to:
Poor diffusion
Hypoventilation
High altitude

56
Q

Two signs of respiratory distress

A

Use of accessory muscle
Tracheal Tugging

57
Q

Diarrhea

A

3 or more unformed stools in 24 hours

58
Q

Healthcare associated infection from antibiotic overuse

A

C Diff- healthy flora is destroyed

Nursing Fundamentals (4 decks)

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