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Rad 112 > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

How can the bones of the upper limb be divided?

A

Hand/wrist
Forearm
Arm
Shoulder gridle

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2
Q

Most distal bones of the hands are called ____

A

Phalanges

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3
Q

Bones that makeup the palm of each hand

A

Metacarpals

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4
Q

Bones that make up the wrist

A

Carpals

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5
Q

Singular word for phalanges

A

Phalanx

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6
Q

First digit is ____

A

Thumb

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7
Q

Digits 2-5 is composted of _______

A

3 phalanges
- proximal
- middle
-distal

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8
Q

1st digit is composed of _____

A

Two phalanges
-distal
-proximal

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9
Q

Each phalanx consist of three parts:

A

Head, body, base

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10
Q

Interphalangeal joint (IP)

A

Joint between phalanges in the thumb

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11
Q

What do you include in the thumb image to make sure you have everything?

A

Distal phalanx to the base of the first metacarpal

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12
Q

Name joints in digits 2-5.

A

distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
MCP joint

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13
Q

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint

A

Proximal end of metacarpals, articulate with the carpals

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14
Q

First metacarpal articulates with _______

A

Trapezium

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15
Q

Second metacarpal articulates with ______

A

Trapezoid

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16
Q

Third metacarpal articulates with _______

A

Capitate

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17
Q

Fourth and fifth metacarpal articulate with _______

A

Hamate

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18
Q

List carpal bones distal row then proximal row starting laterally and going in medially.

A

Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

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19
Q

Describe the scaphoid bone.

A

Boat shaped, largest in proximal row, articulates with the radius proximally, most frequently fractured carpal bone

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20
Q

Describe the lunate bone.

A

Moon shaped, articulates with radius, articulates with capitate

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21
Q

Describe the triquetrum bone.

A

Pyramidal shape, articulates with pisiform

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22
Q

Describe the pisiform bone.

A

Smallest of the carpal bones, most evident in tangential projection

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23
Q

Describe the trapezium bone.

A

Irregular shape, proximal to first metacarpal

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24
Q

Describe the trapezoid bone.

A

Smallest bone in distal row, wedge shape

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25
Q

Describe the capitate bone.

A

Largest of carpal bones

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26
Q

Describe the hamate bone.

A

Has a hooklike process called the hamulus (projects from palmar surface)

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27
Q

What are small conical projections located at the extreme distal ends of both the radius and the ulna?

A

Styloid process

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28
Q

What is the small depression on the medial aspect of the distal radius?

A

Ulnar notch

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29
Q

Where is the head of the ulna located?

A

Near distal end

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30
Q

Where is the head of the radius located?

A

Proximal end near elbow joint

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31
Q

What bone is directly involved in the wrist joint?

A

Radius

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32
Q

What is the rough oval process on the medial and anterior side of the radius, distal to the neck?

A

Radial tuberosity

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33
Q

Which is longer: ulna or radius?

A

Ulna

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34
Q

The ulna is primarily involved in the formation of ________.

A

Elbow joint

35
Q

What is the large concave depression that articulates with the distal humerus?

A

Trochlear notch

36
Q

What is the small shallow depression located on the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna?

A

Radial notch

37
Q

The distal end of the humorous (Humeral condyle) is divided into two parts: _______ and ______

A

Trochlear and capitulum

38
Q

what articulates with the ulna off the humerus?

A

Trochlea

39
Q

Wha articulates with the head of the radius off the humerus?

A

Capitulum

40
Q

What is the small projection on the lateral aspect of the distal humerus above the capitulum ?

A

Lateral Epicondyle

41
Q

What is the larger and more prominent and is located on the medial edge of the distal humerus?

A

Medial epicondyle

42
Q

What are the two shallow anterior depressions on the humerus ?

A

Coronoid fossa
Radial fossa

43
Q

What is the deep posterior depression of the distal humerus?

A

Olecranon fossa

44
Q

How will you know if the forearm is in a true lateral?

A

First and smallest arc (trochlear sulcus) will appear, second intermediate arc appears double lined (edges of capitulum and trochlea), third the trochlear notch of ulna appears
SYMMETRICALLY

45
Q

All the joints of the upper limb are described as ______ and _______.

A

Synovial and diathrodial

46
Q

Describe interphalangeal joints

A

Ginglymus (hinge) with Flexion and extension around the transverse axis

47
Q

Describe the metacarpophalangeal joints.

A

2-5: ellipsoidal, flexion/extension/abduction/adduction (circumduction)
1: ellipsoidal with limited abduction and adduction movements

48
Q

Describe the carpometacarpal joints.

A

1: saddle, great range of movement
2-5: plane, least amount of movement

49
Q

Describe intercarpal joints.

A

Plane movement

50
Q

Describe the wrist joint.

A

Divided into two: distal radioulnar joint & radiocarpal joint
Ellipsoidal/diarthrodial
Enclosed by articular synovial capsule

51
Q

What is the joint that the radius articulates with the scaphoid and lunate?

A

Radiocarpal joint

52
Q

What is the joint between the distal radius and ulna o the forearm?

A

Distal radioulnar joint

53
Q

What ligament is attached to the styloid process of the ulna and finals out to attach to the triquetrum and pisiform?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

54
Q

What ligament extends from the styloid process of the radius primarily to the lateral side of the scaphoid with some attachments to the trapezium?

A

Radial collateral ligament

55
Q

Describe the elbow joint.

A

Synovial, diarthrodial, ginglymus, proximal radialulnar joint is apart of elbow joint

56
Q

Ulnar deviation opens up what carpals?

A

Scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid

57
Q

Radial deviation opens up what carpal bones?

A

Hamate, pisiform, triquetrum, and lunate

58
Q

What movements do the radius and ulnar cross?

A

Pronated

59
Q

The lateral rotation _______ and the medial rotation ________ the proximal radius and ulna.

A

Separates and superimposes

60
Q

Describe fat pads/stripes

A

Soft tissue, displacement can be the only indication of disease or significant injury within joint region

61
Q

What are the two important fat stripes in the wrist joint?

A

Scaphoid fat stripe (PA and Oblique projection)
Pronator fat stripe (lateral projection)

62
Q

What fat pad only appears when something is wrong?

A

Posterior fat pad in elbow joint

63
Q

What are the fat pads in elbow joint?

A

Anterior fat pad, posterior fat pad, supinator fat pad
Must be shown on lateral projections

64
Q

How many phalanges do we have in one hand?

A

14

65
Q

What are the routine images for hand?

A

Lateral, AP, external oblique

66
Q

How much do you increase kVp for small to medium plaster cast?

A

5-7 kVp

67
Q

How much do you increase kVp for large plaster cast?

A

8-10 kVp

68
Q

How much do you increase kVp for fiberglass cast?

A

3-4

69
Q

How many bones are in the hand?

A

27

70
Q

In the upper limb, what is a saddle joint?

A

Thumb

71
Q

What are two routine laterals for hands?

A

Extension and flexion

72
Q

Where do you center the CR for a finger?

A

PIP

73
Q

Dislocation

A

Displacement from joint

74
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation

75
Q

sprain

A

Rupture or tearing of connective tissues

76
Q

Contusion

A

Bruise, without fraction

77
Q

Simple fracture

A

Within the body

78
Q

Compound fracture

A

Broke through skin

79
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Splintered/crushed, many pieces

80
Q

Impacted fracture

A

Fragments driven to each other

81
Q

Barton’s fracture

A
82
Q

Boxer’s fracture

A

Base of first metacarpal bone

83
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Fracture of Distal radius, posterior dislocation

84
Q

Smith’s fracture

A

Fracture of distal radius, anterior dislocation

Rad 112 (6 decks)

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