exam 2

Question 1

Which of the following will lead to bone formation?
a. RANK-RANKL interaction
b. RANKL-OPG interaction
c. SOST signaling

Answer 1

RANKL-OPG interaction

Question 2

Which of the following will lead to bone breakdown/reabsorption?
a. RANK-RANKL interaction
b. RANKL-OPG interaction
c. SOST signaling

Answer 2

RANK-RANKL or SOST

Question 3

Osteocytes communicate with each other by dendritic projection that pass through the ___________

Answer 3

canaliculi

Question 4

A drop in the blood glucose level is an example of a _____________ stimuli

Answer 4

humoral

Question 5

A drop in the hormone level is an example of a _____________ stimuli

Answer 5

hormonal

Question 6

A drop in the action potential or Na+/Ca2+ influx level is an example of a _____________ stimuli

Answer 6

neural

Question 7

During appositional growth which cells are responsible for the increase in the diameter of the medullary cavity?

Answer 7

osteoclasts

Question 8

If there is an epiphyseal line in the metaphysis, then what is the likely consequence of excess growth hormone
release?

Answer 8

acromegaly

Question 9

If there is an epiphyseal plate in the metaphysis, then what is the likely consequence of excess growth hormone
release?

Answer 9

gigantism

Question 10

Dysfunction in _________ will most likely permit the entry of pathogens and epidermal growth factors into the digestive tract:

Answer 10

tight junctions

Question 11

What hormone released by bones helps to regulate the phosphate levels in the body?

Answer 11

FGF23

Question 12

Which of the following regions can influence sexual development?

Answer 12

zona reticularis

Question 13

Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D is produced in the ____________

Answer 13

kidney

Question 14

Which of the following sensory receptors are responsive to light pressure?
a. Free nerve endings
b. Pacinian corpuscles
c. Meissner’s corpuscles
d. Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 14

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 15

Which of the following sensory receptors are responsive to stretch, deformation within joints, and thermal regulations?
a. Free nerve endings
b. Pacinian corpuscles
c. Meissner’s corpuscles
d. Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 15

ruffini corpuscles

Question 16

Which of the following sensory receptors are responsive to pressure?
a. Free nerve endings
b. Pacinian corpuscles
c. Meissner’s corpuscles
d. Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 16

Pacinian corpsucles

Question 17

Which of the following sensory receptors are responsive to pain?
a. Free nerve endings
b. Pacinian corpuscles
c. Meissner’s corpuscles
d. Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 17

free nerve endings

Question 18

Which of the following is not a characteristic of epithelial cells?
a. Cellular polarity
b. Presence of blood vessels
c. lines the external surfaces
d. Presence of cell junctions

Answer 18

presence of blood vessels

Question 19

Acne affects young adults because of which of the following?
a. Normal desquamation
b. A diet of low glycemic foods
c. Increased sebum production
d. All of the above

Answer 19

increased sebum production

Question 20

Mutations in stratum _______________ can increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 20

granulosum

Question 21

Mutations in stratum _______________ can increase the risk of dead cells

Answer 21

lucidum

Question 22

Mutations in stratum _______________ can increase the risk of basal cell carcinoma/melanoma

Answer 22

basale