Exam 2 Flashcards
Refers to sexual, attractions one has to others
Sexual Orientation
People who are physically attracted to more than one sex
Bisexuality
Heterosexually identified women who engage in sexual activity with women for the purpose of pleasing or arousing men
Performative Bisexuality
Challenges assumption that individuals defined by some type of sexual attraction
Asexuality
Sexual attraction, romantic love or emotional attraction toward people of any sex or gender identity
Pansexual, polysexual, or omnisexual
People who do not identity as heterosexual and/or cisgender
Queer
Who term the word sexual fluidity?
Lisa Diamond
Bad heterosexual experiences cause a person to become gay (e.g., sexual abuse of opposite sex)
Myth
Some erroneously believe individuals become homosexual because seduced by or influenced by other homosexual person
Seduction Myth
What determines a person’s sexual orientation?
- Cross-culturally robust finding that adult homosexuality is strongly related to childhood gender nonconformity
- Moderate genetic influences demonstrated in well-sampled twins studies
- Cross-culturally robust fraternal-birth-order effect on male sexual orientation
Originate from a single fertilized ovum that divides into 2 separate embryos w/ identical genetics
Monozygotic or Identical Twins
Originate when a woman ovaries release 2 ova & fertilized by different sperm
Dizygotic or Fraternal Twins
Is the study of how your behaviors & environment can cause changes that affect they way your genes work by changing how body reads a DNA sequence
Epigenetics
Describes anti homosexual attitudes that stigmatize & denigrate any behaviors, identities, relationships, & communities that are not heterosexual
Homophobia
Belief that heterosexuality is somehow better than LGBTQ identities
Heterosexism
What are Robert Sternberg 3 dimensions of love?
- Passion
- Intimacy
- Commitment
What is passion?
- Romantic feelings
- Physical attraction
- Desire for sexual interaction
- Addiction
- Powerful cravings
- Beginning of a romance
- Usually short-lived
- Not always indicative of successful relationship
What is intimacy?
- Emotional component
- Sense of being bonded
- Emotional closeness
- Willingness to help the other
- Share private thoughts & feelings
What is commitment?
- Cognitive component
- Conscious decision to love one another & maintain a relationship
- Tackle obstacles
- For example: arranged marriages
Rapid increase, then decline
Passion
Slowly increase
Intimacy & Commitment
Intimacy & commitment predicted long & stable relationship
Dating Couples Study
Married couples had higher levels of intimacy & commitment while passion declined
Married/Unmarried Couples Study
What are John Allan Lee six love styles?
- Romantic lover
- Game-playing lover
- Possessive lover
- Companionate lover
- Altruistic lover
- Pragmatic lover
What is a romantic lover?
- Emphasize physical beauty
- Affectionate & communicative
What is a game-playing lover?
- Sexual “conquests”
- Little/no commitment
- Love is for fun & transitory
- Enjoys the art of seduction
What is a possessive lover?
- Obsessive relationships
- Emotional turmoil, jealousy
What is a companionate lover?
- Starts w/ friendship
- Slow to develop
- Peaceful & enduring
What is altruistic lover?
- Selfless & caring
- Not demanding/jealous
What is a pragmatic lover?
- Use rational, practical criteria
- Shared interests
What happens when two people tend toward different styles of loving according to Lee?
- Loving relationships frequently fail to thrive over time because “speaking different languages when speak of love”
- Satisfaction and success in loving relationships often depends on finding a partner that shares same style or approach to loving.
What are Chapman’s five ways of expressing/receiving love called love languages?
- Receiving gifts
- Quality time
- Words of affirmation
- Acts of service (devotion)
- Physical touch
Chemical signals b/w neurons & other cells
Neurotransmitters
Affect mood, motivation, attention, & excitement
Dopamine (DA) & Norepinephrine (NE)
Affects mood, obsession, sex, & sleep
Serotonin
Hormone involved in uterine contractions, love, & bonding b/w lovers, family, parental; decrease cortisol levels (stress) and orgasm increases levels
Oxytocin (released from pituitary gland)
Affects pair bonding, social behavior, & memory formation
Vasopressin (released from pituitary gland)
With whom do we fall in love?
- Proximity
- Similarity
- Reciprocity
- Physical attractiveness
Refer to as “turned on” or “revved up” or “hot” like an energy system
Sexual Arousal
Gateway to outside world is largest organ in body
Skin
Areas of body particularly sensitive to touch, & that lead to sexual arousal when stimulated
Erogenous zones
What are primary erogenous zones?
- Dense in nerve endings
- Often located around body openings, such as genitals, mouth, ears & anus
Become sensitized through personal experience, & are specific for each person
Secondary erogenous zones
More stimulating for males than females
Hypothesis
Initiate sense because object must be taken into body through the mouth
Taste
Sounds can both enhance or lessen arousal
Hearing
Substances that are thought to arouse or increase sexual response
Aphrodisiacs
Substance that diminishes sexual desire
Anaphrodisiac
Low-functioning of ovaries or testes
Hypogonadism
Surgical or chemical disabling of testes drastically reducing T levels
Castration
What are the 4 phases of the sexual response cycle?
- Excitement
- Plateau
- Orgasm
- Resolution
What are methods of stimulation?
- Masturbation
- Manual/Oral
- Coitus
- Fantasy
Body tissues become engorged w/ blood
Vasocongestion
