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Animal Nutrition > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the biological roles of vitamin a

A

It is involved in the light vision process and in the maintenance of certain epithelium tissues

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2
Q

Why are 3 major chemical forms of vitamin a

A

Retinoic acid
Retinol
Retinal

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3
Q

Name the major compound that bile acids are synthesized from

A

Cholesterol

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4
Q

What is the biological role of bile acids

A

Help transport the products of lipid digestion through the polar environment to the apical surface of the enterocytes

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5
Q

Why are polyunsaturated fatty acids more susceptible to oxidative damage than saturated fatty acids

A

Because of the double bonds

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6
Q

Why is the maximum amount of Se limited to no greater than 0.3ppm?

A

Because of the concern with toxicity

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7
Q

True or false: there is no vitamin C requirement for horses

A

True

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8
Q

True or false: niacin can be synthesized from the amino acid leucine

A

False
Amino acids menadione

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9
Q

______ is a vitamin involved in the blood-clotting process

A

vitamin k

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10
Q

Name the 3 major categories that dietary energy can be partitioned into

A

Water
Hear
Tissue/product

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11
Q

True or false: iodine value is a measure of the degree of saturation in fatty acids

A

False
It is the measure of un saturation

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12
Q

Identify the nutrient deficiencies associated with microcytic anemia

A

Accept Fe, Cu

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13
Q

Identify the nutrient deficiencies associated with macrocytic anemia

A

Vitamin B12

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14
Q

_____ chain lengths = ______ melting points

A

Longer
Higher

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15
Q

How to draw C16:2w6

A

CH3-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C=…. COOH

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16
Q

-anoic means

A

Saturated fatty acid

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17
Q

Increase chain length = _____ melting point

A

Increase

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18
Q

Increase degree of unsaturation =

A

Decrease melting point

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19
Q

-enoic means

A

Unsaturated fatty acid

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20
Q

Higher _____ value = more _______ ___ = not as _____ = not appealing _____

A

Iodine
Unsaturated fats
Solid
Meat

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21
Q

______ saponification number = ______ degree of _______ fats

A

Increase
Greater
Saturated

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22
Q

Function: bone, teeth, nerve function, muscle function

A

Calcium

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23
Q

Macro minerals

A

Calcium
Phosphorus
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium

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24
Q

Trace minerals

A

Iron
Copper
Zinc
Manganese
Selenium

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25
Q

Potassium function

A

Bone
ATP
Nuclei acids

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26
Q

Function: extracellular cation, nerve function, muscle function

A

Sodium

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27
Q

Function: intracellular cation, nerve function, muscle function

A

Potassium

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28
Q

Magnesium function

A

Bone
Teeth
Enzyme co-factor

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29
Q

Iron function

A

Hemoglobin
Cytochrome

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30
Q

Copper function

A

Oxidase enzymes

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31
Q

Zinc function

A

Cofactor enzyme

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32
Q

Function: decarboxylase enzymes, glycoprotein synthesis

A

Manganese

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33
Q

Function: glutathione peroxidase

A

Selenium

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34
Q

Calcium deficiency symptoms

A

rickets
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis

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35
Q

Potassium deficiency symptoms

A

Rickets
Osteomalacia

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36
Q

Sodium deficiency symptoms

A

Slow growth
Decreased cardiac output
Impaired reproduction

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37
Q

Potassium deficiency symptoms

A

Muscular weakness
Tetany

38
Q

Magnesium deficiency symptoms

A

Grass tetany

39
Q

Iron deficiency symptoms

A

Anemia

40
Q

Copper deficiency symptoms

A

Poor wool growth
Anemia

41
Q

Zinc deficiency symptoms

A

Parakeratosis

42
Q

Manganese deficiency symptoms

A

Ataxia

43
Q

Selenium deficiency symptoms

A

White muscle disease
Muscular dystrophy
Liver necrosis

44
Q

Calcium source

A

Dairy products

45
Q

Potassium source

A

Plant seeds
Phosphate food additives

46
Q

Sodium sources

A

Salt

47
Q

Potassium sources

A

Bananas
Vegetable proteins
Animal products

48
Q

Magnesium sources

A

Leafy green vegetables

49
Q

Iron source

A

Meat/animal products

50
Q

Copper source

A

Most feeds

51
Q

Zinc source

A

Most feeds

52
Q

Manganese source

A

Alfalfa meal
Brewers grains

53
Q

Selenium source

A

Plant and animal tissues

54
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A
D
E
K

55
Q

Vitamin A function

A

Vision

56
Q

Vitamin D function

A

calcium/phosphorus homeostasis

57
Q

Vitamin function: free radical scavenger/ antioxid ant

A

Vitamin E

58
Q

Vitamin K function

A

Blood clotting

59
Q

Vitamin A deficiency symptom

A

Night blindness
Keratinization

60
Q

Vitamin D deficiency symptom

A

Rickets

61
Q

Vitamin E deficiency symptom

A

Muscular dystrophy

62
Q

Vitamin K deficiency symptom

A

Severe hemorrhaging

63
Q

Vitamin A source

A

Animal products
Fish oils

64
Q

Vitamin D source

A

Dairy products

65
Q

Vitamin E source

A

Green leaves
Corn
Wheat

66
Q

Vitamin K source

A

Alfalfa meal
Pasture

67
Q

What vitamin is given to babies right after they are born

A

Vitamin K

68
Q

What is a vitamin K antagonist

A

Warfarin (rat poisoning)

69
Q

Vitamin A is involved in regeneration of

A

Rhodopsin

70
Q

Insulin acts on

A

Adipose tissue

71
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Vitamin B6
Pantothenic acid
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C

72
Q

Vitamin Function: enzymatic decarboxylation

A

Thiamin

73
Q

Riboflavin functions

A

Coenzymes: FMN, FAD

74
Q

Niacin function

A

Coenzymes: NAD, NADP

75
Q

Vitamin function: decarboxylation of several amino acids, transaminations

A

Vitamin B6

76
Q

Vitamin function: coenzyme A, metabolic activation

A

Pantothenic acid

77
Q

Vitamin function: propionate metabolism, purine metabolism

A

Vitamin B12

78
Q

Vitamin C function

A

Collagen formation and maintenance

79
Q

Vitamin deficiency symptom: beriberi, polyneuritis

A

Thiamin

80
Q

Vitamin deficiency symptom: curled toe paralysis, skin lesion

A

Riboflavin

81
Q

Vitamin deficiency symptom: pellagra, black tongue

A

Niacin

82
Q

Vitamin deficiency symptom: convulsions, dermatitis

A

Vitamin B6

83
Q

Vitamin deficiency symptom: goose stepping, nerve degeneration

A

Pantothenic acid

84
Q

Vitamin deficiency symptom: pernicious anemia, decreased growth rate

A

Vitamin B12

85
Q

Vitamin deficiency symptom: vitamin C

A

Scurvy

86
Q

Thiamin source

A

Brewers yeast
Cereal grains

87
Q

Riboflavin source

A

Yeast
Milk
Eggs

88
Q

Niacin source

A

Animal and fish by-products

89
Q

Vitamin B6 source

A

Animal and plant sources

90
Q

Pantothenic acid source

A

Animal and plant sources

91
Q

Vitamin B12 source

A

Animal products

92
Q

Vitamin C source

A

Citrus
Vegetables

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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