Exam 2

Question 1

burn effects are influenced by…

Answer 1

-time there is contact with skin
-temperature of burning agent
-type of issue injured

Question 2

most common type of burn

Answer 2

thermal

Question 3

thermal burns

Answer 3

patho: flash, scald, or contact w hot objects/flames. depth is determined by temperature and duration.

Question 4

superficial burns

Answer 4

patho: minimal damage to epidermis
signs: hypersensitivity and mild erythema that resolve within 24-72 hours
treat: cool compress or cool water, aloe based/fragrance free lotion, rehydration, rest, NSAIDs, easily blanches

Question 5

superficial partial burns

Answer 5

patho: entire epidermis, some of dermis
signs: wet, weeping blisters, normal capillary refill, very painful
treat: 1-2 weeks to heal, do NOT pop blisters, thin layer of bacitracin ointment then nonadherent bandage, wound cleaned and dressing changed every day, wash with mild antiseptic soap, elevate extremities

Question 6

deep partial burns

Answer 6

patho: entire epidermis and deep dermis
signs: appears waxy or mottled, cherry red, non-weeping blisters, decreased capillary refill
treat: 2+ weeks to heal,

Question 7

full thickness burns

Answer 7

patho: entire epidermis and dermis, may involve subcutaneous fat, muscle, bone
signs: dry, leathery, charred, may have absence of pain, eschar
treat: 6+ weeks to heal, skin grafting required

Question 8

complications of full thickness burns

Answer 8

face/neck/chest=airway obstruction
hands/feet/joints/eyes=self care issues
ear/nose/perineum= infection risk

Question 9

chemical burns

Answer 9

result of contact with acids, alkalis, and organic compounds
(damage may continue for up to 72 hrs after injury)

Question 10

alkalis

Answer 10

fertilizer, oven cleaners, industrial cleaners

Question 11

smoke inhalation injuries

Answer 11

patho: above (oropharynx) or below (ARD) glottis
signs: singed nose hairs, facial burns, carbonaceous sputum, hoarse voice, tachypnea, rales, rhonchi, diminished breath sounds, agitation/anxiety, inability to swallow
treat: have emergency trach at bedisde, 100% humidifed oxygen, early endotracheal insertion, monitor ABGs

Question 12

carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 12

patho: CO2 binds faster with hemoglobin than O2
diagnosed: normal carboxyhemoglobin= below 2
signs: headache, confusion, N/V, dizziness, dyspnea