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Christian Heritage > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Christokos

A

“Christ Bearer”
2 natures and 2 persons = schizophrenic Jesus

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2
Q

Nestorius

A

From Antioch - believed in christotokos.

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3
Q

Cyril

A

From Alexandria - believed in Theotokos.

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4
Q

Theotokos

A

God Bearer
2 Natures perfectly joined

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5
Q

Political issues at the time of nestorius and Cyril

A
  • Control of Constantinople
  • Antioch vs Alexandria
  • Nestorius vs Cyril
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6
Q

How late were the Antiochenes to the 2rd Ecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431

A

19 Days late

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7
Q

Who was deposed at the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431

A

Nestorius

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8
Q

Antiochenes countered and condemned who at the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431

A

Cyril

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9
Q

T or F - Churches excommunicated each other after council 431

A

True

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10
Q

Who came up with the idea of excommunication

A

Cyprian

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11
Q

Formula of Reunion

A

433
Compromise statement between Antioch and Alexandria
Nestorius remained condemned

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12
Q

Nestorians

A

Those who supported 2 natures and 2 persons after 431

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13
Q

Issue at 4th Ecumenical Council of 451

A

Divinity and humanity of Christ

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14
Q

Eutyches answer at 4th Ecumenical Council

A

Christ’s humanity and divinity united - hybrid

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15
Q

Who despised of Etuyches and sought help of Rome

A

Flavian

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16
Q

Political Issues of 451

A
  • Alexandria vs Antioch again
  • Eutyches vs. Flavian
  • Both sides appeal to Rom
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17
Q

Eutyches

A

abbot trained in Alexandria, lived at monastery in Constantinople

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18
Q

Flavian

A

Antiochene bishop of Constantinople

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19
Q

Who did Leo the great support after the 4th Ecumenical Council of 451

A

Flavian

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20
Q

4th Ecumenical Council of 451 is also known as

A

Robbers Synod of 449

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21
Q

Who was the president of Robbers Synod of 449

A

Dioscorus

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22
Q

Dioscorus

A

Bishop of Alexandrian and presided Synod

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23
Q

How was Flavian of Constantinople treated after the Robbers Synod of 449

A

violently, he died days later

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24
Q

Pope Leo’s letter was not allowed to be read, thus he dubbed the council

A

Robbers Synod

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25
Q

Decisions of Robbers Synod

A
  • hybrid of Eutyches affirmed
  • 2 natures of Antioch declared heresy
  • moderate antiochene position declared heretical
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26
Q

Who died of a broken neck when they fell of their horse

A

Emperor Theodosius

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27
Q

Who called 4th council of Chalcedon in 451 at request of Pope Leo

A

Pulcheria

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28
Q

What did the Council of Chalcedon in 451 affirm?

A
  • Nicene Tradition
  • Leos letter “2 natures in 1 person” (Tertullian)
  • “Definition of Faith” aka Symbol of Chalcedon
  • fully divine (against Arius) full human (against Apollinaire); humanity and divinity not separate, not a hybrid
  • Constantinople = rome
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29
Q

Definition of Faith

A

Symbol of Chalcedon, not a creed but clarified what church holds to be true and sets limits

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30
Q

Chalcedonians

A

People who affirm with council of Chalcedon

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31
Q

Monophysites

A

‘One nature’ believers, divine overrides human nature (Egypt and Syria)

32
Q

Nestorians

A

Fully human, fully god, one person (Persian empire)

33
Q

Novatians

A

Wanted PURE church, Arians (Europe)

34
Q

Donatists.

A

Located in North Africa

35
Q

Monatists

A

They were spirit-filled

36
Q

What did Egyptians displeasure with Chalcedon lead to

A

Rome loses an ally, and Rome stands alone against Constantinople

37
Q

Emperor Zeno, Henoticon 482

A

All return to Nicene Creed (can’t have all the division, fusing and fighting) in East

38
Q

Pope Felix III

A

Emperor has no authority to determine what was to be believed, only bishop and councils in West (Rome)

39
Q

Who supports Zeno?

A

Acacias, Patriarch of Constantinople

40
Q

When did the Acadian Schism end?

A

519, when Justin and Pope Hormisdas agree to affirm in 451

41
Q

Justinian gave definitive form to ____ culture

A

Byzantine

42
Q

Codex Justianis

A

Codified Roman Law -
- Xn element: trinity
- penalty for religious dissenters
- paganism = death
- pagan university of Athens closed
- Jews forbidden to convert others and to have XN

43
Q

Caesaropapism

A

Combines government with church
- emperor = lords anointed
- no separation of church and state

44
Q

Emperor Justinian rebuilt what?

A

Haiga Sophia

45
Q

Issues at 5th Council of Constantinople

A

How are divinity and humanity joined in Christ
Repair division in church

46
Q

Decisions of 5h Council of Constantinople

A
  • Justinian prods; 3 chapters condemned
  • Rejects Monophysitism
  • Chalcedon upheld
47
Q

Invasions from 5th to 8th centuries and fall of the west

A
  • North Africa falls to Arian vandals
  • Spain falls to Arian visigoths who overran rome in 410
  • Gaul divided burgundians and franks
  • Burgundian king converted in earth 6rh
  • Clovis baptized in 496
  • 534 - Franks conquer burgundians and kingdom united
48
Q

In 534 France/Burgundian was conquered by who?

A

Franks

49
Q

German Invasions of Great Britain

A
  • Great Britain - invasions, troops withdrawn, people left
  • Great Britain is settled by pagan Anglos and Saxons, eventually become Xn.
  • Ireland (never been part of empire)
50
Q

St. Patrick

A

Baptized 415
- 416: captured in raid, escaped, returned to Ireland because of vision.
- converts Ireland.

51
Q

Monasteries in Ireland

A

Were founded and untouched by conquerors going through the mainland and GB
- strange, b/c most were destroyed
- much was preserved

52
Q

German Invasions of Italy

A

410 - rome falls; under visigoths
476 - western emperor removed
- Zeno - invites Arian Ostrogoths to invade
- Justinian would deliver Italy
- 568 - Italy invaded by lombards

53
Q

Lombard are a _____ tribe

A

German

54
Q

Western Monstacisim

A
  • Practical: train body for service, particularly missions
  • community not solitude
    -right arm of ecclesiastical hierarchy when not corrupt
55
Q

Benedict

A

Baptized in 480 in Italy
- founder/father of western monasticism
- native of Italy - Ostrogoths and Arian ortho struggle
- 20 yrs cave, hermit, fame grew
- Monte casino - previously a sacred grove and pagan rites

56
Q

True father of monasticism was

A

Anthony

57
Q

Rule of Benedict

A

Sought to wisely order life
Two meals, fruits and veggies
Bed cover pillow
Permanence
Obedience
Physical labor
Prayer - eight times a day
No possessions

58
Q

Permanence

A

When you join and commit to one monastery you must stay — provided stability in a chaotic world — trained as missionaries go serve and return

59
Q

Canonical Hours

A

The hours of prayer
- midnight
- 3 am
- 6 am
- 9 am
- noon
- 3pm
- 6 pm
- 9 pm

60
Q

Benefits and spread of Monasticism

A
  • stability
  • study and teaching centers
  • turned bad into good, helped transform the land.
61
Q

Monte casino burned by lombards

A

Monks fled to rome, gregory, later pope knew them and spread Benedictine Monasticism

62
Q

The West: Invasions and the Papacy

A

Pope - father/papa - referred to bishops in E and W.

63
Q

Pope Leo the great

A

440-461
Led negotiations when Vandals sacked rome and went out and met Attila and his Huns in 452; Attila decided not to attack rome.

64
Q

Pope ______ the Great means

A

the first pope of that name

65
Q

Which pope understood himself to be peters direct successor?

A

Pope Leo

66
Q

Pope Gregory the Great

A

590 - 604
- elected pope lombards attacking Rome, epidemic, food shortage
- organized food distribution, buildiing of aqueducts
- developed idea of purgatory
- not power hungry like Leo

67
Q

Purgatory

A

Augustine presented this idea

68
Q

Differences between Pagans and Christians

A

Christians - if baptized at any point - they get purgatory or heaven
Pagans - if you have sins at death, hell.

69
Q

Bibles were rare at this point because

A

They had to be hand copied

70
Q

Pope Gregory

A

spread of Benedictine monasticism
Augustine to England
Pastoral care
Gregorys successors struggled with Constantinople

71
Q

Mohammed and the Arabs

A

610 - vision
622 - flees Mecca
630 - Mecca subdued
632 - Mohammed dies, much of Arabia was moslem

72
Q

The Arabs and Islam

A

635 - takes Damascus
711 - subdues most of Spain
732 - battle of tours
Charles Martel stops it

73
Q

732 Arabs and Islam

A

Taken North Africa, Persian empire, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria
Xn centers under moslem rule
Confined Byzantine empire to turkey and its holdings in europes.

74
Q

Background of the 6th ecumenical council

A

patriarch
Surging of const
Monotheism - X has one will, the divine will
Apollinaire - should and mind divine in human skin

75
Q

Result of 6th ecumenical council

A

Monotheism will be rejected by council - two wills of X again affirmed by the council

76
Q

Church at this point

A

Calendar central to all Xn experiences
Annual fasts and feasts, saints days, holidays, birthdays and baptism, coming of age, marriage, death, worship
Center for business, taxes paid, royal decrees
Church was state and state was church
Heresy was treachery against community
Recived only wafer
Preaching declined in services.

77
Q

Rise of the carolingians

A

732 - rise of franks under carolingians
Pepin - son of CM forces king to abdicate throne
Donation of constantine
Charlemagne emperor in 8–
Franks and rome develop relationship

Christian Heritage (3 decks)

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