Exam 2 Flashcards
Auditory Processing Disorder
Affects how words sound to an individual. Individuals may have trouble understanding a conversation in large loud crowds, or differences in letters such as B vs. D.
Dyscalculia
Effects the individual’s ability to tell time, learn math facts, and comprehend math symbols.
Dysgraphia
Effects a person’s handwriting, spacing, spelling, writing composure, and how they place information on a page
Dyslexia
A language-based learning disability. Can effect reading, comprehension, writing, fluency, decoding, and speech.
Language Processing Disorder
A specific form of APD that creates a problem with putting meaning to groups of letter sounds.
Non-verbal Learning Disabilities
Has trouble with distinguishing and interpreting non-verbal social cues (ex: facial expressions or body language)
Visual Perceptual/Motor Deficit
Affects grip, hand-eye coordination, cutting, and keeping place when reading. The individual may have trouble distinguishing shape from letters and trouble interpreting the information they are seeing or copying.
Dyspraxia
Affects learning and speech. Also causes problems with muscular movement and coordination.
Executive Functioning
Affects the management systems of the brain such as: planning, organizing, strategizing, and paying attention to detail
Memory
If any of the three types of memory are impaired, the storage and/or retrieval of information may be affected.
Screening
A preliminary assessment to decide if further study of a child’s functioning level is necessary. Screening raises “a red flag” if a problem. is indicated.
Visual Discrimination
Distinguishing one visual stimulus from another
Short Attention Span
An inability to focus one’s attention on a task for more than a few seconds or minutes
Figure-Ground Discrimination
The process of distinguishing an object from its background
Haptic Information
Related to the sensation of touch and to information transmitted through body movement or position
Selective Attention
Attention that often does not focus on centrally important tasks or information
Information Processing
A model used to study the way people acquire, remember, and manipulate information
Cognition
The act of thinking, knowing, or processing information
Comorbidity
The occurrence together of multiple medical conditions or disabilities
Response to Intervention (RTI)
Allows teams to track and try research-based programs for students with and without disabilities
Learning Disability
-A condition in which one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language/math is deficient.
-Manifests itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations.
Characteristics of learning disabilities (KNOW 5)
-Low self-esteem
-Negative attitude
-Hyperactivity
-Short-attention span
-Disorganization
-Academic challenges
-Spatial difficulties
Instructional/Behavioral strategies and intervention within the classroom (PICK OUT 3 THAT ARE THE MOST HELPFUL AND EXPLAIN WHY!)
- Provide instructions in short, comprehensible sentences (Long instructions can feel overwhelming and impossible to complete, so breaking down instructions into sections can help the student feel more confident in successfully completing tasks/instructions)
- Use encouraging words and praise positive steps (Praising students, even with the smallest accomplishments, can boost their self-esteem. Continuous negative feedback can make the student want to stop trying or misbehave, so giving encouragement to the student can be very beneficial)
- Use peer tutoring (Sometimes, information learned in the classroom may make more sense coming from a peer. A peer can explain the information on that age group’s wavelength)
