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Psych 101 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cycle lasting 24 hours

A

Circadian

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2
Q

Where is biological clock found in the brain

A

Tiny cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus

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3
Q

When do certain hormones peak

A

Epinephrine in the late morning, melatonin at night, GH at night

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4
Q

When biological rhythms are not in phase with one another

A

Internal desynchronization (jet lag)

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5
Q

Waves seen in the awake (hypnagogic)

A

Beta waves

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6
Q

Edge of consciousness

A

Alpha waves

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7
Q

Non-REM stages 2+3

A

Theta waves

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8
Q

Deep sleep

A

Delta waves

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9
Q

Waves found during REM sleep

A

Beta waves

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10
Q

When the body goes into REM earlier and longer to compensate

A

REM rebound effect

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11
Q

Insufficient sleep, inability to fall asleep quickly, frequent arousals, or early awakenings

A

Onset, maintenance, and termination insomnia

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12
Q

Intermittently stops breathing (between exhale + inhale), loud snoring common

A

Sleep apnea

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13
Q

Sudden daytime attacks of sleepiness (lapses into REM) during moments of excitement

A

Narcolepsy

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14
Q

Usually occur during stage 4, more common in children

A

Sleep talking/walking + night terrors

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15
Q

Detection of physical energy emitted by physical objects

A

Sensation

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16
Q

What cells are found in the periphera

A

Rod cells

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17
Q

What cells are found in the fovea

A

Cone cells

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18
Q

Name for someone that is completely colorblind

A

Monochromat

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19
Q

Red-green or yellow-blue colorblind

A

Dichromat

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20
Q

Sense of where body is located in space

A

Proprioception

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21
Q

Sense of touch that isn’t painful

A

Tactile sensation

22
Q

Pain sensations elicited by noxious stimuli - found everywhere except brain

A

Nociception

23
Q

Cells sensitive to stimuli are warmer or colder than body

A

Temperature

24
Q

Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

A

Absolute threshold

25
Q

Minimum difference between two stimuli that one can detect 50% of the time

A

Difference threshold - just noticeably different (jnd)

26
Q

The principle that the JND for any given sense is a constant fraction or proportion of the stimulation being judged

A

Weber’s law

27
Q

Below threshold of perception

A

Subliminal perception

28
Q

Eventually don’t notice unchanging stimulus (eg. jumping into a cold pool)

A

Sensory adaptation

29
Q

Slight difference in lateral separation between two objects as seen by the left + right eye

A

Retinal disparity

30
Q

Turning inward of the eyes when focusing on a nearby object

A

Convergence

31
Q

Things in front block things behind it

A

Interposition

32
Q

Parallel lines appear to converge at the horizon

A

Linear perspective

33
Q

Judge of the distance based on horizon

A

Elevation

34
Q

Greater distance = smoother/less texture

A

Texture gradient

35
Q

Shadows on bottoms of objects that protrude and tops of objects that recede

A

Shading

36
Q

Objects closer than fixation point appear to move backwards, objects farther away appear to move slower

A

Motion parallax

37
Q

True or false - visual illusions are illusions of the eye

A

False - optical illusions are illusions of the eye

38
Q

Visual mode responsible for identifying objects

A

Focal

39
Q

Visual mode responsible for navigation

A

Ambient

40
Q

A stimulus response pair (UCS + UCR)

A

Reflex

41
Q

Does not naturally elicit the to-be-conditioned response in classical conditioning

A

Neutral stimulus

42
Q

Reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a time delay

A

Spontaneous recovery

43
Q

Occurs when a new stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus, elicits the conditioned response

A

Stimulus generalization

44
Q

Strategies for curing phobias

A

Systemic desensitization, flooding, counterconditioning

45
Q

True or false - ALL reinforcers increase the likelihood that a response will become more frequent

A

TRUE

46
Q

Reinforcer that fulfills a biological need

A

Primary

47
Q

Reinforcer that gets power through classical conditioning

A

Secondary

48
Q

Stimulus added

A

Positive

49
Q

Stimulus removed

A

Negative

50
Q

Reinforcement schedule in which all correct responses are reinforced

A

Continuous reinforcement

51
Q

Some but not all correct responses are reinforced

A

Partial (intermittent) reinforcement

52
Q

Provide reward after certain # of responses

A

Ratio

Psych 101 (3 decks)

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