Exam 2 Flashcards
What is self-efficacy? How does it affect a person’s response to life’s challenges?
a belief that personal abilities and efforts affect the events in one’s life.
A person who believes that his or her behavior makes a difference is more likely to take action. People with high self-efficacy set personal goals, are self-motivated, cope effectively with stress, and request support from others when needed.
People with low self-efficacy have low aspirations, experience much self-doubt, and may be plagued by anxiety and depression.
What is hardiness? What are the 3 components? How does it relate to hental health?
ability to resist illness when under stress.
1.Commitment: active involvement in life activities
2.Control: ability to make appropriate decisions in life activities
3.Challenge: ability to perceive change as beneficial rather than just stressful
What are neologisma?
invented words that have meaning only for the client
In a mental helath assessment, what are 3 motor behaviors of note?
Automatisms: repeated purposeless behaviors often indicative of anxiety, such as drumming fingers, twisting locks of hair, or tapping the foot
*Psychomotor retardation: overall slowed movements
*Waxy flexibility: maintenance of posture or position over time even when it is awkward or uncomfortabl
What are 5 common terms for assessing affect?
*Blunted affect: showing little or a slow-to-respond facial expression
*Broad affect: displaying a full range of emotional expressions
*Flat affect: showing no facial expression
*Inappropriate affect: displaying a facial expression that is incongruent with mood or situation; often silly or giddy regardless of circumstances
*Restricted affect: displaying one type of expression, usually serious or somber
What is labile?
When the client exhibits unpredictable and rapid mood swings from depressed and crying to euphoria with no apparent stimuli, rapidly changing
What is thought process? How can it be inferred by the RN? What is thought content?
Thought process refers to how the client thinks. The nurse can infer a client’s thought process from speech and speech patterns.
Thought content is what the client actually says.
What are 11 common assesments of disrupted thought prosseses?
Circumstantial thinking: a client eventually answers a question but only after giving excessive unnecessary detail
*Delusion: a fixed false belief not based in reality
*Flight of ideas: excessive amount and rate of speech composed of fragmented or unrelated ideas
*Ideas of reference: client’s inaccurate interpretation that general events are personally directed to him or her, such as hearing a speech on the news and believing the message had personal meaning
*Loose associations: disorganized thinking that jumps from one idea to another with little or no evident relation between the thoughts
*Tangential thinking: wandering off the topic and never providing the information requested
*Thought blocking: stopping abruptly in the middle of a sentence or train of thought; sometimes unable to continue the idea
Thought broadcasting: a delusional belief that others can hear or know what the client is thinking
*Thought insertion: a delusional belief that others are putting ideas or thoughts into the client’s head—that is, the ideas are not those of the client
*Thought withdrawal: a delusional belief that others are taking the client’s thoughts away and the client is powerless to stop it
*Word salad: flow of unconnected words that convey no meaning to the listener
What are 11 rights of psychiatric patients?
To be informed about benefits, qualifications of all providers, available treatment options, and appeals and grievance procedures
*Least restrictive environment to meet needs
*Confidentiality
*Choice of providers
*Treatment determined by professionals, not third-party payers
*Parity
*Nondiscrimination
*All benefits within scope of benefit plan
*Treatment that affords greatest protection and benefit
*Fair and valid treatment review processes
*Treating professionals and payers held accountable for any injury caused by gross incompetence, negligence, or clinically unjustified decisions
What are the benefits of mandated outpatient treatment in cases of patients who are released but need ongoing care?
shorter inpatient hospital stays, though these individuals may be hospitalized more frequently;
reduced mortality risk for clients considered dangerous to themselves or others;
protection of clients from criminal victimization by others.
more cost-effective than repeated involuntary hospital stays.
What is a tort?
tort is a wrongful act that results in injury, loss, or damage. Torts may be either unintentional or intentional
What are the 4 determinants of malpractice?
Duty: A legally recognized relationship (i.e., physician to client, nurse to client) existed. The nurse had a duty to the client, meaning that the nurse was acting in the capacity of a nurse.
2.Breach of duty: The nurse (or physician) failed to conform to standards of care, thereby breaching or failing the existing duty. The nurse did not act as a reasonable, prudent nurse would have acted in similar circumstances.
3.Injury or damage: The client suffered some type of loss, damage, or injury.
4.Causation: The breach of duty was the direct cause of the loss, damage, or injury. In other words, the loss, damage, or injury would not have occurred if the nurse had acted in a reasonable, prudent manner.
What are the 3 most common intentional torts?
battery, assault, false imprisonment
What are 6 ways to avoid liability?
Practice within the scope of state laws and nurse practice act.
*Collaborate with colleagues to determine the best course of action.
*Use established practice standards to guide decisions and actions.
*Always put the client’s rights and welfare first.
*Develop effective interpersonal relationships with clients and families.
*Accurately and thoroughly document all assessment data, treatments, interventions, and evaluations of the client’s response to care.
What are the definitions of the following ethical responsibilities of nurses?
Utitiliarianism
Deontology
Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmalficence
Veracity
Fidelity
Utilitarianism: considers which action would produce the greatest benefit for the most people.
Deontology: decisions should be based on whether an action is morally right with no regard for the result or consequences.
Autonomy: a person’s right to self-determination and independence.
Beneficence refers to one’s duty to benefit or to promote the good of others.
Nonmaleficence: do no harm to others either intentionally or unintentionally.
Justice: treating all people fairly and equally without regard for social or economic status, race, sex, marital status, religion, ethnicity, or cultural beliefs.
Veracity: duty to be honest or truthful.
Fidelity: the obligation to honor commitments and contracts.
