Exam 2 Flashcards
What is a drugs generic name?
The generic name, which identifies the drugs active ingredient, is the name assigned by the manufacture that first developed the drug. Often the generic name is drive from the chemical name
What is pharmacology?
The study that deals with chemicals that affect the body functioning
What is a drugs official name?
The official name is the name by which the drug is identified in the official publication. The official name is often the generic name
What is a drugs trade name?
The tradename, also referred to as the brand-name or propriety name, is selected by the drug company that sells the drug and is protected by trademark. A drug have several trade names when produced by different manufacturers.
What is tylenols generic and trade names?
Acetaminophen is the generic name.
Tylenol, Tempra, liquiprin are trade names
What is pharmokinetics?
Pharmacokinetics is the effect of the body on the drug
Which drugs usually take the longest to be absorbed?
Drugs given orally or injected intradermally?
Describe pHs effect on drugs
Acidic drugs are well absorbed in the stomach. Drugs that are basic remain ionized or insoluble in an acid environment,these drugs are not absorbed before reaching the small intestine
What could cause a drugs unequal distribution?
The drug may bind to plasma proteins, which causes unequal distribution and prevents the drug from reaching its intended site of action. Another factor affecting distribution is the blood brain barrier.
(Drugs readily move across the placenta)
Where is the primary source for drug metabolism?
Metabolism, or biotransformation, is a change of a drug from its original form to a new form. The liver is the primary site for drug metabolism
Describe excretion of a drug
After the drug is broken down to an inactive form, excretion of the drug occurs. Excretion is the process of removing a drug or it’s metabolites from the body. The kidneys excrete most drugs. The lungs are the primary route for the excretion of gases substances, such as inhalation anesthetics. Many drugs are excreted through bile in the gastrointestinal tract. The sweat, salivary and mammory glands are also routes for drug excretion
What is pharmacodynamics?
The process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body
What is an idosyncratic effect?
It’s any unusual or particular response to a drug that may manifest itself by over response, under response, or even the opposite of expected response
Antagonist vs. Synergistic
In a drug to drug interaction, the combined effect of two or more drugs acting simultaneously produces an effect either less than that of each drug alone (antagonist effect) or greater than that of each drug alone (synergistic effect)
True or false
Christian scientists do participate in childhood vaccines
False, they believe in spiritual healing and thus do not take medications
Look lower protein levels in the body mean for drug absorption?
Many drugs normally buying two proteins in the plasma, so lower protein levels in the body means less drug down to plasma proteins, leading to a higher concentration free drug in the potty
What is a drugs peak level?
The peak level, our highest plasma concentration, of the drug should be measured when absorption is complete.
What is a drugs trough level?
The trough level is the point when the drug is at its lowest concentration, and the specimen is usually drawn in the 30 minute interval for the next dose
What does a medication order consist of?
- Patients name
- Date and time the orders written
- Name of the drug to be administered
- Dosage of he drug
- Route by which the drug to be administered
- Frequency of administration of the drug
- Signature of person writing the order
What is the trailing zero?
The use of a trailing zero (e.g. 1.0) is not considered good practice.
A zero should always precede a decimal point (e.g. 0.1)
Formulas for drug dosages
Dose on hand Dose desired
——————- = ——————
Quantity on hand X (quantity desired)
Amoxicillin , 625 mg PO is ordered. Is supplied as a liquid preparation containing 250 mg and 5 mL. Much does a nurse administer?
250 mg 625 mg
———– = ———-
5 mL X mL
3,125=250X
X=12.5 mL
How do you calculate pediatric medication doses?
Base it on bodyweight
How often should a nurse check the drug label?
Three times
- When the nurse reaches for the container or unit dose package
- After retrieval from the drawer and compared with the CMAR, or compared with the CMAR immediately before pouring from the multidose containers
- When are placing the container to the drawer are shelf or before giving the dose medication to the patient
What is the most common route for drug administration?
Orally, drug action at the slower onset and a more prolonged, but less potent, affect with oral administration of drugs vs Administration via other route
What does parenteral mean?
It means outside the intestines or alimentary canal
The patient has an abnormal, unexpected response to a drug. This is defined as which of the following?
Idiosyncratic effect
What does the abbreviation b.i.d. Stand for?
Twice a day (administration)
Describe needles
Needle gauges are numbered 18 through 30. At the diameter of the needle increases, the gauge number decreases. For example, an 18 gauge needle is larger in diameter than a 30 gauge steel. The bevel is sloped edge, designed to make a narrow slit like opening recluses quickly
True or false
A longer needle is required for intramuscular injections than for an intradermal or subcutaneous injection
True
When administering parenteral injections what rule must be followed?
When administering parental injections, it is imperative that surgical a sepsis is sterile technique must be followed strictly to avoid introducing organisms into the body
List the parts of the syringe and needle it must be kept sterile during the procedure of preparing in administering an injection
The inside of the barrel
the part of the plunger that enters the barrel
The tip of barrel
The needle
True or false
Most prefilled cartridges are overfilled
True
True or false
Prefilled cartridges provide a single dose of medication
True
What is the first step before mixing two medications and one syringe?
Ensuring the two drugs are compatible
True or false
Incompatible drugs may become cloudy or form a precipitate in the syringe
True
When using the single-dose vial and a multidose vial inject air to both vials and draw medication in the multidose vial into the syringe first. Why should you do this?
This prevents the contents of the multidose vial from being contaminated with the medication in the single-dose vial
When preparing medications from an ampule and vial what medication should you prepare first?
Prepare the medication in the vial first
What is insulin?
Insulin, A naturally occurring hormone produced by the pancreas, enable cells to use carbohydrates.
Prandial vs. Preprandial vs. Postprandial
Prandial: with a meal
Preprandial: before a meal
Postprandial: after a meal
Give an example of a basal insulin
Insulin glargine (lantus)
Insulin detemir (levemir)
True or false
Lantus and levemir cannot be mixed with other insulins
True
True or false
Insulin doses are calculated in units
True
What is reconstitution?
The technique of adding a dilutent to a powder drug is called reconstitution
Where is information needed for reconstitution usually located?
Information needed for reconstitution, such as the specific solution to use for the dilutent and dosage calculation, is usually found on the vial label
Describe intradermal injection
Intradermal injections administered into the dermis, just below the epidermis. The intradermal route has the longest absorption time of all the parental routes. These injections are for sensitivity test and local Anesthia
What has the longest absorption time of all the parental route?
The intradermal route
What drugs are delivered subcutaneously?
Insulin and heparin