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Biology 1407-001 Final Exam > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The main body of a multicellular fungi exists as an underground interwoven mass of filaments called ________.

A

mycelium

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2
Q

Believe it or not, some organisms on Earth cannot tolerate oxygen and will die in the presence of oxygen. These are called ______________.

A

obligate anaerobe

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3
Q

Organisms that can utilize O2 or not for energy production are called ________________.

A

facultative anaerobe

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4
Q

___________ are symbionts of either fungi and green algae or fungi and cyanobacteria.

A

lichens

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5
Q

Amoebozoans include which of the following?

A

These are organisms that are often have pseudopodia for movement and engulfing food stuff

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6
Q

The total amount (i.e. aggregate) of alleles in a population is known as ___________

A

gene pool

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7
Q

______________ is genetically modified to produce human insulin for diabetics.

A

E. coli

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8
Q

Each year fruit harvests lost to fungi infestations range from _____ to _______.

A

10% - 50%

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9
Q

Photoautroph

A

using energy from light, obtaining carbon from inorganic molecules such as CO2

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10
Q

Chemoautrotroph

A

both energy and carbon source are inorganic molecules

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11
Q

Photoherteotroph

A

uses light energy to obtain organic molecules

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12
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A

both energy and carbon come from acquiring organic molecules

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13
Q

Sometimes populations change over time (i.e. evolve) in non-adaptive ways. This is known as _________.

A

genetic drift

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14
Q

Bacteria can form surface coating colonies such as plaques knowns as ____________.

A

biofilm

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15
Q

Apicomplexans include which of the following?

A

These are organisms that are often specialized for penetrating host cells and usually require 2 or more hosts to complete their life cycle.

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16
Q

______________ is a fungal infection of rye crops. Extracts from this fungus is used to make LSD.

A

ergot

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17
Q

Dinoflagellates include which of the following?

A

These are organisms that are often phytoplanktion, have 2 cellulose plates, and are responsible for “red tides” that poison marine coastal waters.

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18
Q

Which of the following is often responsible for red tides?

A

high levels of nutrients from fertilizers in agriculture cause algae to bloom poisoning marine habitats

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19
Q

Which of the following is not an assumption made by the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

A

Organisms must be evolving

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20
Q

Many bacteria are considered extremophiles.

A

false

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21
Q

The division of fungi that has edible and “magic mushrooms” is…

A

basidiomycetes

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22
Q

______________ processes involve viruses that mistakingly carry bacterial genes to new bacteria instead of viral genes

A

transduction

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23
Q

Chemotaxis is..

A

movement toward or away from a particular chemical.

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24
Q

_____________ is responsible for a protist disease that invades liver and blood cells and are spread by mosquitoes killing hundreds of thousands of people every year

A

malaria

25
Q

In the general population about 1 out of 100,000 people are born with Tay-Sachs disease. It is an autosomal recessive disease that requires individuals to be homozygous recessive. The disease affects the nervous system leaving fatty deposits that results in death within the first 5 years. Based on this approximately what percent of people are homozygous dominant, heterozygous (i.e. carriers but not diseased), and homozygous recessive?

A

Homo recessive = 0.001%
Homo dominant = 99.4%
Hetero = 0.6%

26
Q

What is the cause of a decline in photosynthetic protists on the sea surface?

A

warming surface water acts as a barrier to upwelling of nutrient rich ocean bottom water

27
Q

Based upon their name Lactobacillus would be ___________.

A

rod shaped

28
Q

______________ processes form bridges that allow gene exchange between bacterial cells.

A

conjugation

29
Q

__________________ results in new species due to separation by geographic barrier in which evolution occurs independently.

A

allopatric

30
Q

Certain antibiotics are less likely to penetrate Gram negative bacteria due to an extra membrane layer along the outside of the cell wall.

A

true

31
Q

Diatoms include which of the following?

A

These are organisms that are often members of phytoplankton having glass-like shells

32
Q

Pathogenicity can be defined as the capacity of a microbe to cause damage in a host while ____________ refers to the degree of damage caused by the pathogen.

A

virulence

33
Q

Which of the following is true regarding coral bleaching?

A

sensitivity to temperature and pollution result in absence of algae that provide nutrients

34
Q

___________ is rapid diversification and spread of species.

A

adaptive radiation

35
Q

Ciliates include which of the following?

A

Correct
These are organisms that are often major predators to bacteria and other protistts with a “oral groove” for engulfing

36
Q

Select all of the following that are true regarding Gram negative bacteria.

A

their cell wall is generally thinner.

They have 2 cell membranes one inside and one outside their cell wall.

37
Q

Euglenids include which of the following?

A

These are organisms that are often mixotrophs that have “eyespots” that can photosynthesize and consume organic material for food.

38
Q

___________ is a South American parasite spread by the kissing bug resulting in heart disease later in life.

A

Chaga’s disease

39
Q

Endospores…

A

form inside nutritionally stressed bacteria that can survive for centuries.

40
Q

During migration some geese members get blown off course and settle in a previously uninhabited area. This is called ____________________.

A

founder effect

41
Q

______________ is a common yeast infectious fungi

A

candida

42
Q

Which of the following was the bacterial example that could form an endospore?

A

anthrax

43
Q

Select all of the following that are ways to introduce new genes into a population.

A

gene flow

mutation

44
Q

_____________ is used to make yogurt.

A

Lactobacillus bulgaricus

45
Q

___________ are symbionts of plants and fungi where the fungi are associated with plant roots.

A

mycorrhizae

46
Q

Some archaea can tolerate very salty conditions called ____________________.

A

halophiles

47
Q

______________ processes integrate new genetic material left in the environment.

A

transformation

48
Q

Endotoxins get released…

A

when the bacteria die

49
Q

Select all of the following that are gram positive.

A

Closteridium

anthrax

Streptococcus

50
Q

Extremely low birth weights are not favored among humans, nor is extremely high birth weights. More humans survive and reproduce who are born with a more average birth weight. This is an example of _____________ selection.

A

stabilizing

51
Q

Which division of fungi include lichens, ergot, and many human disease causing fungal infections?

A

ascomycetes

52
Q

______________ is a common bread mold.

A

rhizopus

53
Q

Select 2 of the following that are important spirochetes diseases.

A

syphilis

lyme disease

54
Q

An important bacteria that forms symbiotic relationships with legumes to provide plants with nitrogen is…

A

Rhizobium

55
Q

In the general population about 1 out of 5 people are born with blonde hair in the U.S. We’ll assume it is an autosomal recessive trait that requires individuals to be homozygous recessive. Based on this, approximately what percent of people are heterozygous?

A

49.44

56
Q

Based upon their names Staphylococcus and Streptococcus these bacterium would be ___________.

A

spherical

57
Q

Which of the following form an important part of phytoplankton

A

cyanobacteria

58
Q

Finches’ beak size on different islands are related to the seed size available on the respective islands (big beaks for big seeds, small beaks for small seeds). Medium beaks had difficulty retrieving small seeds and were also not tough enough for the bigger seeds, and were hence maladaptive. This is an example of _______________ selection.

A

disruptive

59
Q

Match the following prokaryotic virulence factors

A

Fimbriae- aides
pili- allows
capsule- helps
plasmid- often

Biology 1407-001 Final Exam (5 decks)

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