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Biology 1407-001 Final Exam > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

_____________ is similarities due to similar environmental pressures that lead to convergent evolution.

A

Analogy

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2
Q

Which of the following is false regarding evolution?

A

Experiments in reptiles have confirmed isolating populations increases evolutionary rates.

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3
Q

Use the following character table to determine the proper sequence of species “a” through species “e”. Answers are listed from the top of the tree down.

A

e

a

b

d

c

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4
Q

Which of the top is a paraphyletic group?

A

Group II

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5
Q

_____________ is the evolutionary relationships among organisms.

A

phylogeny

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6
Q

Which of the following is the correct way to type a scientific name?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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7
Q

Select all of the following that are inferences made by Darwin’s observations.

A

Unequal ability to survive and reproduce leads to an accumulation of favorable traits in the population over time.

Correct
Individuals with more beneficial traits will have a higher probability of surviving and reproducing.

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8
Q

Match the following pre and post zygotic barriers to reproduction between different species.

A

Habitat Isolation - species rarely encounter each other

Temporal Isolation - organisms’ breeding seasons don’t match up

Behavior Isolation - organisms prone to courtship rituals

Mechanical Isolation - body parts do not align or are not compatible

Gametic Isolation - fertilization cannot occur between gametes of different species

Reduced hybrid viability/ fertility - the offspring are either not fit enough or cannot reproduce

Hybrid breakdown - offspring are incompatible with the rest of the population

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9
Q

Which one of the statements is false?

A

Natural selection creates new beneficial traits within a population.

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10
Q

_____________ is similar inherited traits due to common ancestry.

A

Homology

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11
Q

Closely related species often interbreed in areas that overlap their distribution called hybrid zones.

A

True

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12
Q

Patterns of living things on Earth today should show more relatedness with proximity and less relatedness the more distal or more isolation through time.

A

True

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13
Q

___________ is rapid diversification and spread of species.

A

Adaptive radiation

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14
Q

In order for evolution to occur…

A

the population must change over time.

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15
Q

Which of the following is false?

A

Darwin thought that traits acquired through out one’s life could be passed down to future generations.

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16
Q

Some biologists argue that horizontal gene transfer was so common that the early history of life should be represented as a tangled network of connected branches

A

True

17
Q

Trilobites are among the oldest known fossils

A

False

18
Q

Select all the following that are hypothesized from the phylogenetic tree below

A

humans and plants share a common ancestor 2 billion years ago

birds evolved from certain types of dinosaurs

19
Q

Match the following using the dichotomous key.

A

A. Magnolia
C. Elm
F. Oak
G. Chestnut

20
Q

Lamarck is considered the Father of Evolution.

A

False

21
Q

The chicken came before the egg.

A

False

22
Q

Select all of the following that are reasons why natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms.

A

New advantageous traits do not arise on demand.

Adaptations are often compromises that result in strengths and weaknesses of an organism.

23
Q

Vestigial structures are remnants of features that served a function in the organism’s ancestors

A

True

24
Q

Select all of the following that are domains for prokaryotic organisms.

A

bacteria
archeae

25
Q

Select all of the following that are evidences for evolution.

A

Organisms on isolated land masses tend to evolve uniquely.

Anatomical structures should resemble that of earlier ancestral species with modifications due to adaptations.

The sequence in which fossils are found show transitions in morphology and speciation.

26
Q

Phylogenetic trees are…

A

Hypotheses only

27
Q

When building complex phylogenetic trees many possible outcomes could be correct. To decide which tree to is most likely true, scientists usually go with…

A

The simplest possible tree

28
Q

Based upon this phylogenetic tree, which of the following is false?

A

Chimps evolved into bonobos

29
Q

A species that is confined to and native to a particular area is called________________.

A

Endemic

30
Q

The problem with the biological species concept and morphological species concept is some organisms are asexual and the structures of an organisms that is important for distinction is subject to scientist’s opinion.

A

True

31
Q

Scientists think all humans on Earth today descended from a single parent mtEve and Y-chromosomal Adam in Africa about 100 to 200 thousand years ago.

A

True

32
Q

Adaptive change in a population over time is known as _________.

A

Natural selection

33
Q

Match the following origin of life hypotheses with their associated problems.

A

Warm Pond Hypothesis- water tends to separate molecules rather than bring them together and UV light kills life in shallow water

Meteorite Hypothesis- the mixture of molecules(i.e right vs left) should be represented in life, but is not

Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents Hypothesis- membranes cannot form due to high concentrations of calcium and magnesium and polymers stick to rocks on which they form.

34
Q

Adaptive radiation often follows… (select all of the following that are true)

A

Colonization of new regions

Mass extinctions

35
Q

Put the following in order starting with the broadest taxon.

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Specific epithet

36
Q

Organisms are considered the same species if they have the potential to breed and produce viable fertile offspring. This is known as the ______________ species concept.

A

Biological

37
Q

Once a mass extinction occurs, evolution is punctuated by a relatively short period of rapid radiation of newly adapted individuals because so many niches are now left vacant.

A

True

38
Q

Match the following kingdoms and domains.

A

Fungi - multicellular or unicellular, heterotroph, cell walls, asexual or sexual reproduction
Plants - multicellular, autotroph, cell walls, sexual reproduction
Animals- multicellular, heterotroph, no cell walls, sexual reproduction
Bacteria/archaea- unicellular, heterotroph or autotroph, cell walls, asexual reproduction

39
Q

__________________ results in new species due to separation by geographic barrier in which evolution occurs independently.

A

Allopatric

Biology 1407-001 Final Exam (5 decks)

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