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Intro to Islam > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

isa in the quran
the “messiah”
“son of mary”
not the son of God
human messenger – not divine
does perform miracles – heals, can bring someone back from dead but does not walk on water
was not killed or crucified, god raised him up to himself
some muslims and some hadiths do believe in the return

A

jesus

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2
Q

most often mentioned woman in the quran
gives the virgin birth
is jesus’ mother

A

mary/maryam

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3
Q

muslim spain

A

al-andalus

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4
Q

umayyad counter-caliphate
“golden era”
claims to be caliph
al-andalus

A

abd al-rahman III

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5
Q

11th and 12th centuries CE
12th and 13th centuries CE
one replaced the other
al-andalus

A

almoravids
almohads
almohads replaced the almoravids

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6
Q

the fatimid ruler al-hakim burns the church of the holy sepulchre, and the seljuqs (turkic muslims) take over jerusalem
the byzantine christians request assistance from christians in western europe

A

the crusades

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7
Q

person who initiated the first crusade (reclaiming the holy land)

A

pope urban II

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8
Q

reclaimed jerusalem in 1187 CE following the battle of hittin
the ayyubid dynasty (12th & 13th centuries CE)
a model of chivalry in europe (christians love him)
the crusades

A

salah al-din al-ayyubi

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9
Q

mamluk leader
aggressive approach
mamluk dynasty (slave soldiers.. slaves to sultan)
the crusades

A

baybars

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10
Q

slave soldiers
or slave dynasty

A

mamluks

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11
Q

most famous story of all stories
protagonist: shahrezade
eventually includes aladdin, ali baba

A

1001 (arabian) nights

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12
Q

woman who stops husband from killing her by telling stories

A

shahrezade

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13
Q

bayt al-hikma
translation and preservation of greek, indian, and persian works
advancements in various sciences (also unique contributions)
said to have had been a library and academy
has muslims, jews, christians coming to read and learn

A

house of wisdom

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14
Q

advancements of house of wisdom

A

mathematics
astronomy
geography and cartography
sociology
medicine

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15
Q

geography and cartography advancements
not a geographer or a cartographer
author of the rihla
famous world traveler
documents his findings

A

ibn battuta

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16
Q

sociology advancements
“father of sociology”
author of famous book the Muqaddima (intro)
intro lays out how humans evolve and how empires rise and fall

A

ibn khaldun

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17
Q

medicine advancement (biggest contribution)
author of al-qanun (the canon/voluminous book)
medical reference book used for centuries in europe and middle east
hospitals, anatomy, optics

A

ibn sina (avicenna)

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18
Q

“peace”
derived from arabic word musalaha, meaning reconciliation
friendly settlement
dispute resolution in arab world

A

sulh

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19
Q

initiates mongol spread

A

genghis khan

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20
Q

middle east mongol invasion

A

hulego khan

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21
Q

mamluk muslims vs mongols
significant battle
stops spread on mongols
marks the end of arab dominance

A

battle of ayn jalut in the fertile crescent

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22
Q

first muslim mongol dynasty
begins as mongol non-muslim dynasty becomes muslim mongols

A

ilkhanid dynasty

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23
Q

founder of ottoman empire in anatolia

A

osman I

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24
Q

“the conquerer”
conquers constantinople

A

mehmet II

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25
Q

“the magnificent”
conquerer and lawgiver

A

suleiman I

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26
Q

lead young turk nationalist
take over.. end of ottoman rule

A

ataturk

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27
Q

first safavid shah (king)
claimed to represent the hidden imam

A

isma’il

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28
Q

“the great”
safavid rule
made isfahan the safavid capital (“the most beautiful city in the world”)

A

abbas I

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29
Q

safavid capital
“the most beautiful city in the world”

A

isfahan

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30
Q

ruled over much of indian subcontinent
known for its wealth and architectural features (the taj mahal)
related to mongols
ruled over a large hindu population

A

moghuls

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31
Q

founder of the moghuls

A

babur

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32
Q

“the great” ruler of moghul empire
favorable attitude toward hindus
established din-iliahi “religion of god”

A

akbar

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33
Q

later ruler of the moghuls
opposed to hindus
sometimes presented in negative light
known as a devout muslim

A

aurangzeb

34
Q

famous/wealthy ruler of mali
famous pilgrimage (hajj) to mecca

A

mansa musa

35
Q

reformers/revivalists
three major waves

A

mujaddids

36
Q

led the first wave of mujaddid
established “wahhabism”
alliance with muhammad ibn saud

A

muhammad ibn ‘abd al-wahhab

37
Q

“wahhabi” doctrines would be promoted in the kingdom of saudi arabia
anti-shi’i, anti-mystical sufism
first wave of mujaddid

A

muhammad ibn saud

38
Q

characterized by a desire for: (a) reform of islamic thought (ijtihad), and (b) an intellectual, scientific, political, moral, and cultural renaissance
advocated for a revival of ijtihad
emphasized the role of reason and science
begins as a liberal movement
second wave of mujaddid

A

(modern) salafis

39
Q

biggest figure of salafi movement
grand imam of al-azhar in cairo
second wave of majuddid

A

muhammad ‘abduh

40
Q

a conservative salafi movement under rida
second wave of mujaddid

A

muhammad rashid rida

41
Q

abduh and rida newspaper
spread ideas together
second wave of mujaddid

A

al-manar periodical

42
Q

shared same views as the modern egyptian salafis (ijtihad and renaissance)
accepted british rule as an identity
second wave of mujaddid

A

sir sayyid ahmad khan

43
Q

poet-philosopher and politician
second wave of mujaddid

A

muhammad iqbal

44
Q

islam as a political ideology (not just a religion)
third wave of mujaddid

A

islamism

45
Q

established by hasan al-banna
ideas taken further by sayyid qutb
third wave of mujaddid (egypt)

A

the muslim brotherhood

46
Q

founder of the muslim brotherhood
third wave of mujaddid

A

hasan al-banna

47
Q

author of milestones
took the muslim brotherhood ideas further
third wave of mujaddid

A

sayyid qubt

48
Q

established in 1941 by mawlana abul ala mawdudi
indian subcontinent
third wave of mujaddid

A

the islamic society

49
Q

established the islamic society
a journalist who becomes influential
third wave of mujaddid

A

mawlana abul ala mawdudi

50
Q

“the clash of civilizations” and the clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order
clash of US and muslim world

A

samuel huntington

51
Q

a struggle or exertion of effort for what it perceived to be a noble cause
used for armed struggle

A

jihad

52
Q

an act of violence “in a non battlefield context” that: a. causes fear and b. leaves people hopeless and unable to seek safety
motives are generally irrelevant
punished with execution

A

hiraba

53
Q

religion and politics
“near enemy” (saudi government)/ “far enemy” (those who support saudi government)
calls for defensive jihad (has list of issues for US, some muslims agree)
problematic justifications for 9/11
terrorist

A

osama bin laden

54
Q

a niche in the wall faces mecca - person leading prayer faces it (facing qibla)

A

mihrab

55
Q

a pulpit
stand on when giving a sermon
common in larger mosques

A

minbar

56
Q

if we interpret the text properly, we will arrive at a solution

A

textualists

57
Q

need to consider the context evaluate the change

A

contextualists

58
Q

bilqis; a woman leader
presented positively in the quran

A

queen of sheba

59
Q

in islamic law: joint sexual responsibilities and men’s financial responsibility > modern debates

A

marriage

60
Q

permitted, but often (not always) discouraged
both spouses do not have to consent

A

divorce

61
Q

veils that covers hair and neck

A

hijabs (khimars)

62
Q

cover bottom half of face

A

niqabs

63
Q

covers everything

A

burqas

64
Q

forcedly brought to america – could not practice faith openly
first major movement of muslims to america

A

enslaved africans

65
Q

discovers islam in the philippines starts a mosque in new york
conversion

A

alexander russel webb

66
Q

many peddlers
one of the earliest known communal prayers: Ross, North Dakota

A

first wave of immigration

67
Q

Dearborn, Michigan
“Mother Mosque” Cedar Rapids, Iowa > established in 1934

A

second wave of immigration

68
Q

after WWII
politics

A

third wave of immigration

69
Q

beginning in 1965 immigration and nationality act > opens the door for many immigrants
many “white” and “blue collar” workers from various parts of the world

A

fourth wave of immigration
largest wave

70
Q

cedar rapids, iowa
established in 1934
oldest surviving purpose built mosque

A

“mother mosque”

71
Q

taught that muslims were stripped of their religion and need to take it back

A

nation of islam

72
Q

founder of the nation of islam

A

wallace d. fard

73
Q

man with controversial teachings
1. white man is the devil
2. wallace ford was God in human ford
3. believed he was a messenger of God, but not a prophet

A

the honorable elijah muhammad

74
Q

the autobiography of … most significant/influential book
malcolm little
“detroit red” – known as
prison for theft, drug dealing, etc – reforms himself in prison
nation of islam – minister
national prominence
the pilgrimage (hajj) changed name to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz
malcolm and martin – met once, children are friends
assassination in 1965
most members of nation of islam beome sunni after he passes

A

malcom x

75
Q

agriculture to industrial to business service
historically, oil and gas sector, NASA, texas medical center mainstays of economy
decentralized, racialized, classed urban development

A

houston’s economy

76
Q

establishment of umbrella organizations
founders: mostly immigrants, the organizations wold evolve

A

MSA and ISNA (largest N. american muslim organization)

77
Q

could muslims be president?
parents and grandparents are muslims but he was not

A

barack obama

78
Q

moves to ban muslims from entering the US (2016)

A

donald trump

79
Q

arab-christian
the evolution of image
real life terrorism, the muslim villain, and the issue of proportionality

A

jack shaheen

80
Q

prominent syrian film maker
producer of halloween movie series
made film about prophet muhammad called the Message

A

moustapha akkad

Intro to Islam (2 decks)

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