exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
assalamu alaikum (peace be upon you)
wa alaikum salaam (and unto you peace)
A
muslim greeting
2
Q
submitting/submission/surrender to God
A
islam
3
Q
people who follow islam
one who submits
A
muslim
4
Q
God
A
Allah
5
Q
the last of the prophets
A
Muhammad
6
Q
islamic holy book
mean recited – word of God
A
Qur’an
7
Q
the patriarch
A
abraham
8
Q
mother of isaac
abraham’s wife (1st?)
A
sarah
9
Q
abraham and sarah’s son
A
isaac
10
Q
abraham’s (2nd) wife
mother of ishmael
A
hagar
11
Q
abraham and hagar’s son
older than isaac
A
ishmael
12
Q
belief in multiple Gods
A
polytheism
13
Q
belief in one God
A
monotheism
14
Q
ignorance and barbarism
ex. the burying of baby girls
A
jahiliyya
15
Q
cubic structure in mecca
represents the oneness of God is islam
A
ka’ba
16
Q
meccan tribe
Muhammad was born into this tribe
A
quraysh
17
Q
biography of the prophets life story
A
sira
18
Q
Muhammad’s first wife
A
khadija
19
Q
one of Muhammad’s first followers
Muhammad’s companion
A
abu bakr
20
Q
Muhammad’s cousin
A
ali
21
Q
tortured for being muslim
slave with ancestry in africa
faced racism
A
bilal
22
Q
first martyr of islamic history
killed for being muslim
family killed after
A
sumayya
23
Q
first migration/emigration by boat
A
1st hijra to abyssinia
24
Q
representation of being very strong
strongly dislikes Muhammad
A
umar
25
goes to Jerusalem (overnight trip)
leads prophets in prayer and has encounter with light of God
"the night journey"
26
second hijra aka THE HIJRA
hijra to yathrib (medina)
changes to medina once Muhammad arrives
27
muslim community
umma
28
Muhammad's second wife
daughter of abu bakr
aisha
29
direction of prayer
qibla
30
1st major battle 1st victory
year of 2AH
battle of badr
31
meccan revenge battle
year of 3AH
battle of uhud
32
battle of the year 5AH
muslim victory
sandstorm comes
battle of the ditch
33
meccans and muslims won't fight each other or each others allies for 10 years
truce of hudaybiyya
34
gathering of muslims for Muhammad's sermon
ghadir khumm
35
the written qur'an
mushaf
36
chapters of the qur'an
sura
37
awareness of god
tawhid
38
to associate partners with god
shirk
39
christians/jews similar to muslims
"people of the book"
40
before the hijra (suras)
meccan (suras)
41
after the hijra (suras)
medinan (suras)
42
exegesis
interpretation of scripture
tafsir
43
different recitation styes and readings
tajwid
44
5 pillars of islam
declaration of faith(shahada)
daily prayer(salat)
yearly alms tax(zakat)
fasting during ramadan(sawm)
pilgrimage to mecca(hajj)
45
shahada
statement that makes a person muslim
"i testify that there is no god but God, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God"
46
pilgrimage to mecca at least once in a lifetime
hajj
47
5/6 pillars of islam
god(one god w/o partners)
prophets
angels(unseen)
the revealed book
the day of judgement(and afterlife)
"divine decree and power"
48
call to prayer
adhan
49
masjid
mosque
50
29/30 days of fasting
ramadan
51
festival of breaking the fast
eid al-fitr
52
annual pilgrimage to mecca
eid al-adha
53
Muhammad had no rightful heir and that a religious leader should be elected through a vote among the Islamic community's people
sunni
54
rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad's first true successor
shi'i
55
3rd caliph
uthman
56
representative and successor of Muhammad
not a prophet
caliph
57
infalable religious leader
makes no mistakes
imam(shi'i)
58
battle of the camel
aisha vs ali
ali wins
1st fitna
59
first extremists of islamic history
kharijites
60
5th caliph
end of the "rightly guided caliphs"
mu'awiya
61
from umayya descent
muslim dynasty
umayyads
62
eldest son of ali and fatima
Muhammad's grandson
al-husayn
63
(680-92CE) begins with the battle at karbala and the slaughter of al-husayn
umayyads hold onto power
2nd fitna
64
the abbasid revolution
3rd fitna
65
750-1258CE
capital is baghdad
initially supported by shi'is & non-arabs opposed to the umayyads
abbasid dynasty
66
somebody who has power(abbasids)
sultan
67
considered god's law/way
shari'a
68
human attempt to understand god's law/way; islamic jurisprudence
fiqh
69
the way of the prophet
contains legal law
sunna
70
reports of something Muhammad did, said, or approved
hadith
71
most popular hadith collection
authentic/sound
bukhari
72
(d. 179/795) follow the customs of the people of medina (sunni)
malik
73
muslim (hadith collector)
bukhari
74
"schools" of law
school of legal thought
ways people approach law
madhhabs
75
1/4 sunni madhhabs
dies in egypt
al-shafi'i
76
idea that if all scholars agree we assume its true
consensus(ijma)
77
the teachings of the hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Quran
we know this is prohibited -- that is too
analogy(qiyas)
78
following/using legal precendents
taqlid
79
"independently" exerting effort to arrive at a legal situation
not relying on precedents
ijtihad
80
a typically non-binding yet legitimizing scholarly opinion
fatwa
81
"objectives of shari'a"
protection of
life
faith
posterity
property
dignity/sanity/reason
82
greek inspired thinkers
they know greek thought
rationalists
83
speculative theology
theology of "rationalists" -- greek inspired thinkers
kalam
84
first group of rationalists
mu'tazilites
85
established by the abbasid caliph al-ma'mun(d. 833 ce)
was the qur'an created or uncreated
mihna
86
"hero" of the mihna
ahmad ibn hanbal
87
people of the "revelation"
reputation: "pro-hadith"
traditionalists(hanbalites)
88
most sunni schools
ash'arite and maturidite
89
first islamic philosopher, from iraq
emphasis on intellect -- maternal world (body) is bad
al-kindi
90
islamic philosopher
adds on to what al-kindi says
al-farabi
91
views of ibn sina (avicenna)
1. the world is eternally old
2. god does not know particulars
3. there will be no physical/bodily resurrection
92
the incoherence
rejects ibn sina's views
al-ghazali
93
the incoherence of the incoherence
ibn rushd (averroes)
94
mercy of god
salvation
95
only islam is salvific, and all non-muslims will be damned
exclusivists (salvation)
96
islam is the path of heaven, but god will save "sincere" non-muslims
inclusivists (salvation, dominant orientation)
97
islam is but one of multiple paths that leads to heaven
pluralists (salvation)
98
opposed to pacifism/quietism; sought the active pursuit of justice
imam: not divinely appointed(imam not infalable)
today: yemen
zaydis 5ers
99
fatamids
tunisia>egypt>arab middle east
counter-caliphate (2 caliphs in africa and bahgdad)
*da'wa
fatamids establish cairo and al-azhar university
follow aga khan
isma'ilis 7ers (nizaris)
100
isma'ili shi'i dynasty
fatamids
101
to call people to the truthe or to the religion
da'wa
102
49th imam
living and considered infallible
isma'ili
(nizaris)
aga khan
103
majority of shi'is
infallible imam
muhammad al-madhi (imam)
imamis 12ers
104
12th imam in hiding
occultation
105
state/authority of the jurist(s)
iran: velayat-e-faqih
106
live a simple life
true sufism
sufi
107
preacher of sufism
promoted ascetic and moralistic orientation
hasan al-basri
108
popularized the love orientation of sufism
rabi'a 'adawiyya
109
famous mystical sufi
al-hallaj
110
"annihilation" of the ego -- destroy the ego to be one with god
fana'
111
famous islamic poet
jalaluddin rumi
112
develops a doctrine called "oneness of existence"
ibn al-'arabi
113
ibn taymiyya denouces:
1. pantheism ("all is god")
2. esotericism (access to the "hidden")
3. antinomianism ("anti-law")
114
establishment of sufi orders
tariqua (way)
115
remembrance of god
dhikr (zikr)
