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Geography 103 > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Virgina Slave Law

A

The transition from indentured to slave, deemed blacks as personal property (chattel).

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2
Q

The cotton gin and its impact

A

invented by Eli Whitney increased cotton supply. Exploded the global market

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3
Q

Racial geography

A

the result of racialization. prejudice and discrimination created by one group power over another.

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4
Q

ethnic geography

A

the study of spatial and ecological aspects of ethnicity

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5
Q

types of black racial geography

A

Chesapeake Bay, Carolinas, black belt, black crescent, Mississippi Delta

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6
Q

Black ethnic geography

A

African American places/landscapes. Bronzeville, Watts, Harlem

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7
Q

Mississippi Bottomlands

A

New black centers (black crescent and black belt) were centered here and was where most production

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8
Q

New Orleans

A

A very important US port that funneled cotton and products coming from Chicago to global markets

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9
Q

The plantations

A

became the center for slaves from diverse African tribes who eventually molded a new African American culture. became a cultural landscape of social hierarchy .

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10
Q

Sectionalism

A

Sectionalism split the nation leading up to the civil war

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11
Q

Sectionalism in the north v. the south

A

North was an industrial-ubran region linked with national and international services and home of the federalists. The South was a rural land based agrarian society and it relied on ports and was unconnected to cities.

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12
Q

Sectionalism and the Civil War

A

Sectional differences became expressed in hotly contested issues that revolved around slavery. first compromise then war.

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13
Q

Attempts to compromise

A

1820 Missuori compromise, 1850 Compromise, 1854 Douglas Bill, 1857 Dred Scott

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14
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Allowing states to decide - issue of balance threatened

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15
Q

1854 Douglas Bill

A

Abolished compromise of 1820. Gave states the right to decide their status

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16
Q

1850 fugitive slave law

A

required the return of slaves as personal property - chattel. most controversial

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17
Q

Dred Scott

A

Supreme court ruled that Scott was not a citizen and therefore had no standing in court and there was an issue of property rights.

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18
Q

trends in reconstruction

A

civil war and reconstruction left the south devastated and deep in debt and more resentful and distrustful of northerns and blacks.

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19
Q

White violence against blacks

A

NYC conscription riots, anger vented on blacks in forms of lynching, beatings and assaults, murders and the KKK.

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20
Q

Reconstruction amendments

A

The passage oof the 13th-15th amendments. 13th abolished slavery, 14th provided equal protection, and 15th gave black men the right to vote.

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21
Q

Black codes

A

Efforts to deny black rights: labor contracts, poll tax, and literacy tests.

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22
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

state laws that legalized racial segregation

23
Q

NYC Constcription riots

A

four days of riots resulting from workers deep resentment with inequalities of Civil War draft. Blacks were the targets of most attacks on citizens.

24
Q

1896 Plessy v. Fergusoon

A

reinforced Jim Crow and nationalized legal segregation. legalized social and geographic segregation. created the doctrine of “separate but equal.”

25
Q

Share Cropping

A

a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop.

26
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to displaced Southerners, including newly freed African Americans.

27
Q

Black patterns at the end of the second period

A

majority of the blacks in south, core in the areas of racial geography are Mississippi bottomlands, some movements to southern cities

28
Q

Push and Pull factors of the Great Migration

A

Push - machines reducing the need for labor
pull - Jobs

29
Q

Fordism

A

a system of labor that simplified work tasks and doubled the daily wage

30
Q

Institutional trends

A

individual and institutional actions and mechanism were designed to keep “races” apart. the creation of 2 worlds - one white and employed and one black and locked in inner-city away from high paying and stable employment.

31
Q

Hidden Racist policies

A

not intended to be racist (ex. defense interstate highway system) reshaped American human geography

32
Q

Role of Media

A

expressed white racial attitudes that reinforces negative perceptions and treatments of Black Americans - where they live, where they work

33
Q

race-place connection

A

Racism has been perpetuated by white avoidance of individuals and groups, institutional actions, and at times, by violence.

34
Q

Positive public institutional actions

A

the Freed mens bureau - reunited split up families, distributed food, housing, and aid to refugees.

35
Q

Trends in Black populations

A

large increase in black population in the North and West

36
Q

National Ghetto System

A

A new urban form! Contained the kitchenettes. racial geography in the north and then, in the south. Pushed out of the crowded black ghetto.

37
Q

Positive federal actions

A

1954 Brown v. Board of Ed. 1964 Civil Rights Law. 1968 Fair Housing Law.

38
Q

Black Settlement structures

A

African Americans settle by class. human geography of black Americans is increasingly complex - ghettos, ethnic enclaves of varying class, triple layering, and heterolocalism.

39
Q

Ghettos

A

new geographic form, racism and new racial geography, dominant feature of the Great Migration.

40
Q

Racial geography/cutural landscapes as places of their own

A

Blacks created places of their own and cultural landscapes within racial geography, such as Bronzeville, rustic suburbs, and housescapes in cities and suburbia.

41
Q

Rustic Suburbs

A

New black culture landscapes and housescapes

42
Q

Blue-collar suburbs

A

Not everyone migrating from rural areas wanted to live in the big cities

43
Q

Black housing in the south

A

Modest new housing structures built on unwanted land without services - coral gables and coconut grove today.

44
Q

Middle-class housing developments

A

subdivisions were also constructed in the north to appeal to the growing African American middle class by 1950

45
Q

Black housing in the North by class

A

Sectoral pattern - residental succession. Subdivisions were also constructed in the north to appeal to the growing African American middle class.

46
Q

Reverse migration

A

When northern blacks began returning to the south in greater numbers than blacks departing the south for the north

47
Q

Push and pull factors of the reverse migration

A

pull: reflected the souths economic and growth modernization and improved race relations
push: black Americans were fleeing the harsh conditions of Northern cities, which had lost their appeal from crime drugs and unemployment

48
Q

Gains in the 4th period

A

income gap was closing in 1970s, federal laws passed to combat racial discrimination by banks, realtors and insurance companies, increased voter registration and voting power.

49
Q

secondary migration

A

many natives and immigrants remain in their gateway of admission or migrate to a nearby county or city.

50
Q

Moves of blacks to rural areas

A

research illustrated that these were returning native-born blacks who had become familiar by frequent visits during vacation, summer stays with relatives and other trips that created topophilia for rural areas.

51
Q

Jam Hill

A

a large number of ethnic businesses scattered around two major arterials in the Lauderhill region. These examples illustrate the important of immigration, secondary migration, class, and ethnicity on the settlement structure and cultural landscape in a particular space.

52
Q

African Americans and African Immigrants

A

African Americans settle by class and so do African and Afro-Caribbeans

53
Q

Black American Settlement geography is complex

A

ghettos, ethnic enclaves of varying SES, triple layering, and heterolocalism

Geography 103 (2 decks)

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