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Biomechanics > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Buoyant Force

A

a reaction to the pressure the fluid exerts on the object

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2
Q

Pressure on a submerged object is the same from all directions if you stay at the

A

same depth

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3
Q

Buoyant force increases with

A

increasing size of object and increasing pressure

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4
Q

Pressure increases the deeper you go due to the

A

increasing weight force of fluid above the object

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5
Q

Buoyancy

A

the force that acts on an object in fluid

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6
Q

Buoyancy is

A

always vertical, caused by pressure, and influenced by size

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7
Q

Archimedes’ Principle

A

the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the volume of fluid displaced by the object

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8
Q

Fb < W

A

sinks

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9
Q

Fb > W

A

rises

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10
Q

Fb = W

A

floats

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11
Q

Specific gravity

A

the ratio of the weight of the object to the weight of an equivalent volume of water

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12
Q

Specific Gravity less then or equal to 1

A

floats

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13
Q

Specific gravity greater then or equal to 1

A

sinks

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14
Q

Density

A

ratio of mass to volume

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15
Q

Density of water

A

1000 kg/m3

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16
Q

Density of air

A

1.2kg/m3

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17
Q

Center of Volume

A

the point around which a body’s volume is equally distributed and at which a buoyant force acts

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18
Q

Dynamic Fluid Force

A

includes the lift and drag force that act on an object

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19
Q

Relative Velocity

A

the difference between an object’s velocity and the surrounding fluid’s velocity

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20
Q

Drag Force

A

one component of dynamic fluid force, and it is the component that slows down the object as it moves through the fluid

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21
Q

Two types of drag force

A

surface drag and form drag

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22
Q

Surface Drag

A

caused by friction between the fluid and the surface of the object

at slower velocities

23
Q

Form Drag

A

caused by sum of the impact forces of the fluid molecules with the object

at faster velocities

24
Q

Lift Force

A

acts on the object in a direction perpendicular to fluid flow & changes the direction of the object’s motion

25
Q

Bernoulli’s Principle

A

slower moving fluids exert more pressure than faster moving fluids

26
Q

Magnus Effect

A

a lift force generated by the spin of an object

27
Q

back spin

A

increases lift time

28
Q

top spin

A

decreases lift time

29
Q

side spin

A

causes swerve to left or right

30
Q

Force Arm

A

the distance between the axis and the force

31
Q

Resistance Arm

A

the distance between the axis and the resistance

32
Q

First Class Lever

A

FAR
ex: head sitting on the first cervical vertebra, moving up and down

33
Q

Second Class Lever

A

ARF
ex: ankle

34
Q

Third Class Lever

A

AFR
ex: bicep

35
Q

Center of Mass

A

point that represents the average location of a systems mass

36
Q

Center of Gravity

A

point in a body or system around which its mass or weight is evenly distributed or balanced and through which the force of gravity acts

37
Q

Torque

A

moment of force, the ability of force to produce rotation around an axis

38
Q

Angular Position

A

the orientation of a line with another line or plane

39
Q

Angular Displacement

A

change in absolute angular position by a rotating line

40
Q

Average Angular Velocity (w)

A

the rate of change of angular displacement

41
Q

Instantaneous Velocity and acceleration

A

measured when the change in time approaches its limit (almost zero)

42
Q

Angular Acceleration

A

the rate of change in angular velocity

43
Q

Tangential Acceleration

A

the linear acceleration of a point on a rotating object measured in the direction tangent to the circular path of the object

44
Q

Centripetal Force

A

the external force that is directed towards the axis of rotation when an object is rotating in a circle

45
Q

Sagittal Plane corresponds with

A

frontal axis

46
Q

Frontal Plane corresponds with

A

saggital axis

47
Q

Transverse Plane corresponds with

A

vertical axis

48
Q

Angular Motion

A

aka
angular inertia or rotary inertia

49
Q

Axes of Rotation

A

straight lines around which all other points of a body move in circles

50
Q

There is a ___ degree relationship between a plane of motion and its axis of rotation

A

90

51
Q

Eccentric Axis

A

axis that is not through an object’s center of gravity

52
Q

Principal Axes

A

when an object is not symmetrical, it can rotate around multiple axes

53
Q

Angular Momentum

A

the produce of an object’s momentum of inertia and its angular velocity

Biomechanics (2 decks)

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