Exam 2 Flashcards
Race
How we falsely group people based on physical or phenotypical bases (a cultural construct)
Hypodescent in the US
mixed-race children assigned the race of the parent or ancestor with he lower ranked category
“Racial Equality” in Brazil
described as a continuum, “racial democracy”, free of harsh prejudices and social discrimination, embraced by the government and elites but a case of ideology used for justification.
Quilombos
a Brazilian hinterland settlement founded by communities of black slaves who resisted the slavery regime that prevailed in Brazil for over 300 years.
Kinship
genealogical relationship (biological, cultural, historical). The most basic way to organize individuals into social groups, roles, rights, and obligations.
Ethnicity
how people identify based on cultural differences. Ancestral connection to a group of people whoa are imagined to be distinct from those outside that group.
Race vs Ethnicity
race=social/cultural grouping among people; ethnicity=how a person identifies or feels attached to a particular culture
Nationality
legal identification of a person in international law, establishing the person as a subject, a national, of a sovereign state.
Imagined Communities
the invented sense of connection and shared traditions that underlies identification with a particular ethnic group or nation whose members likely will never all meet
Sex
Biological; all cultures recognize at least 2 sexes; sex cannot be understood within a binary system.
Gender
Cultural; all cultures recognize differences between gender, but different cultures have distinct ideas about what those genders are; all cultures recognize at least 2 but not all only recognize 2.
Gender Division of Labor
the patterned ways in which tasks are allocated to different genders.
Gender Ideology
the totality of ideas about sex, gender, and natures of people, sexuality, and relations.
Gender Stratification
gender activities and attributes are valued differently in different cultures; the subordination of women isn’t universal; stereotypes, categories, etc can be used to reinforce stratification
Unilateral
matrilineal and patrilineal (mother and father)
Lineage
descent groups that can clearly demonstrate genealogical connections through many generations, tracing back to founding ancestors
Patrilineal
traced back through the male line
Matrilineal
traced back through the female line
Monogamy
only one partner at a time. the most common form of marriage, primarily for economic reasons
Polygamy
one individual having multiple spouses at the same time (poly=many gamous=marriage)
Polygamy vs polyandry
a polyandry marriage is when a woman marries two or more men at one time but polygamy is when anyone has multiple spouses at one time
Fictive Marriage
a marriage to someone who is not physically there (ghost marriage or symbolic marriage)
Exogamy vs Endogamy
exogamy is a marriage to someone outside of the group and endogamy is a marriage to someone within a particular group/category
Dowry
payment of a woman’s inheritance at the time of marriage to her or her husband
Bridewealth
(aka bride-price or marriage payment) payment from the groom’s kin to the bride’s kin
Serial Monogamy
a form of marriage in which a man or woman marries a series of patterns (common among middle class North Americans as individuals divorce and remarry)
Generational System
all relatives of the same sex and generation are referred to by the same term
Bilateral Systems
descent is traced through BOTH lines
Unilineal System
descent is traced through parents and ancestors of only one sex to establish group memebership
Bifurcate System
the mother and mother’s sisters use the same term where the father and father’s brothers use the same term
Cross Cousins vs Parallel Cousins
cross cousins are classified separately where parallel cousins are classified as brothers and sisters
