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PHRM 836 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell-cell communication
juxtacrine
endocrine
paracrine
synaptic
autocrine

A

juxtacrine: cell-cell contact
endocrine: hormones, low concentration, high affinity, stays long
paracrine: physically close together, high local concentration, low affinity binding, rapid
synaptic: nueronal, close synaptic, low affinity binding, rapid
autocrine: self, sender and target, low affinity binding, rapid

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2
Q

intracellular receptor

A

steroid - highly specific
thyroid - thyroid binds and dimerizes to promote DNA binding. signaling is effect of transcription
vitamin

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3
Q

4 major cell-surface receptors

A

ligand gated ion receptor, enzyme linked/ cytokine receptors, GPCRs, rtks

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4
Q

protein phosphorylation

A

induce conformational change, if enzyme is phosphorylated it will activate and react

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5
Q

cell signaling + receptor binding

A

rapid reduction level of message/agonist
receptor loss or desensitization

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6
Q

ligand gated ion channels

A

transmembrane ion channel
neurotransmitter binding to channel induces depolarization or hyperpolarization

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7
Q

receptor tyrosine kinase

A

enzyme linked receptor
phosphorylates itself
dimerizes to activate intracellular activity
extracellular domains have various families
RAS/MAP3K cascade

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8
Q

RAS

A

activating protein is GEF and GRB2
activated RAS triggers MAP3K cascade
has conformational change depedning on GDP or GTP bound

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9
Q

GPCRs

A

no enzyme activity
GEF: release of GDP is naturally slow so GEF increases GDP rate of release. Responsible for G protein activation

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10
Q

GPCRs Heterotrimeric

A

Ga, Gb, Gy
Ga has GTPase activity

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11
Q

cytokines

A

controls growth of activity of immune system cells and blood cells to execute inflammation

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12
Q

pleiotropic

A

same cytokines produce similar effects

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13
Q

Cytokine types

A

IL: secreted by leukocyte and acts on inflammatory response
chemokine: chemotactic activity like cell migration
TNFa: released upon infection by macrophages
Interferons: regulates signalling for virus/bacteria

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14
Q

Cytokine receptor

A

overly expressed tumor cells
IG: expressed everywhere, present throughout several cells
IL 17: little structural homology w/ cytokine receptors

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15
Q

TFNa

A

TFN: cysteine rich extracellular binding

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16
Q

chemokine receptor

A

associated w/ immune disease and
CXCL8: chemokine secreted by macrophage that directs neutrophils

17
Q

selectin

A

weak reversible binding for sialyl-lewis X carbs for rolling adhesion

18
Q

ICAM-1

A

recruitment is mediated by cell-adhesion.
exhibits tight binding

19
Q

Type 1 + Type 2

A

pleiotropic and involve multiple recepter chains

20
Q

PI3K/Akt

A

anti-apoptotic

21
Q

JAK-STAT

A

signal transduction, activate transcription, transfers signal from cell membrane to nucleas

22
Q

RAS-MAPK

A

mitogenic cell proliferation
causes more cells

23
Q

Ga

A

activiation occurs on here

24
Q

Gai

A

inhibits adenyl cyclase and camp and pka
pka involved in glycolysis and gluconeogensis

25
Q

Gas

A

stims adenyl cyclase and camp and pka
pka involved in glycolysis and gluconeogensis

26
Q

Gq

A

PLC converts PIP2 to DAG and IP3
IP3 goes to IP3 to Ca2+
DAG goes to PKC

27
Q

G protein signal termination

A

GTPase converts GTP to GDP very slowly
RGS speeds this process up.

28
Q

DNA melting

A

regulatory step to seperate 2 DNA strands and initiate replication

29
Q

licensing

A

permitting proteins at origin or replication to being DNA replication
licensing must be limited to once per cell cycle

30
Q

MCM

A

mini chromosome maintenance complex

31
Q

replication preinitiation

A

CTD1 + CDC6 recruited to form preiniation complex
phosphorylation: releases CDC6 and CDT1 activated MCM helicase and phosphorylated form can no longer license the start of second round of DNA replication
after licensing factors are released

PHRM 836 (2 decks)

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