Exam 2

Question 1

What are Auer rods?

Answer 1

Large cytoplasmic inclusions found in blasts

Question 2

What does the presence of Auer rods indicate?

Answer 2

Acute myeloid leukemia

Question 3

What is the Pelger-Huet anomaly?

Answer 3

A genetic blood condition where the nuclei of lobed cells have an abnormal shape

Question 4

What is seen in Pelger-Huet anomaly?

Answer 4

Normal WBC count, Normal RBC count, normal platelet count, abnormal nuclei in neutrophils

Question 5

What is the pseudo-Pelger Huet anomaly?

Answer 5

An acquired disease, instead of a genetic disease

Question 6

When is Pseduo-Pelger Huet seen?

Answer 6

Mostly after a lot of chemotherapy

Question 7

What is relative lymphocytosis?

Answer 7

When the proportion of lymphocytes, relative to WBC count is above the normal range

Question 8

What is absolute lymphocytosis?

Answer 8

When there is an increased lymphocyte count above the normal range

Question 9

How is the absolute lymph count calculated?

Answer 9

Multiplying the WBC count by 1000 x the percent of lymphs as a decimal

Question 10

Myelodysplastic syndromes in regard to bone marrow cellularity

Answer 10

Hypercellular, dysplasia in one or more lineages

Question 11

Myelodysplastic syndromes in regard to peripheral cytopenias

Answer 11

Most commonly macrocytic anemia, may also include neutropenia and thrombocytopenia

Question 12

Myelodysplastic syndromes in regard to erythropoietic changes in the bone marrow

Answer 12

granulopoiesis moved to more central marrow spaces, anemia is common

Question 13

Myelodysplastic syndromes in regard to platelet changes

Answer 13

Too few/functioning platelets, giant platelets may be present

Question 14

Myelodysplastic syndromes in regard to neutrophilic changes

Answer 14

Neutropenia, hypogranular cytoplasm and hyposegmented nucleus including psuedo-Pelger Huet mono/bi-lobed nuclei

Question 15

Examples of MDS

Answer 15

Chronic myelomoncytic leukemia and Myelodysplastic syndrome

Question 16

Myelodysplastic syndrome bone marrow blast rates

Answer 16

Below 20%

Question 17

Acute leukemia bone marrow blast rates

Answer 17

Above 20%

Question 18

MDS disorders in terms of peripheral blood abnormalities and bone marrow changes

Answer 18

Bone marrow doesn’t produce enough healthy mature blood cells and hypercellular bone marrow and cytopenias seen in peripheral blood

Question 19

Myeloproliferative disorders in terms of peripheral blood abnormalities and bone marrow changes

Answer 19

When the body overproduces 1 or more types of blood cells and there is peripheral cytosis

Question 20

Examples of myeloproliferative disorders

Answer 20

Chronic myeloid leukemia and Polycythemia vera

Question 21

What is pancytopenia?

Answer 21

anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

Question 22

Refractory anemias

Answer 22

A group of conditions characterized by a shortage of healthy RBCs, a type of MDS

Question 23

PAS stain

Answer 23

Stains cytoplasmic glycogen, oxidizes glycogen to aldehyde, diffuse fine granules in myeloid cells in normal smear, coarse granules in AML-m6 and ALL

Question 24

Sudan Black B

Answer 24

Intensity increases with maturity of cell, used in acute leukemias to confirm myeloid lineage, stains phospholipid membranes of peroxidase-containing granules, brown precipitate in cytoplasm

Question 25

Butyrate Esterase

Answer 25

Hydrolyzes esters of carboxylic acids, used in acute leukemias to distinguish neutrophilic and monocytic lineages, non-specific, brown precipitate in monocytes

Question 26

Chloroacetate esterase

Answer 26

Hydrolyzes esters of carboxylic acids, used in acute leukemias to distinguish neutrophilic and monocytic lineages, specific, blue precipitate in neutrophils