Exam 2 Flashcards
Time-Discipline
-A shift from the task to the time (as measured by clocks)
-Industry/work
Learning punctuality
Industry/work, religion, and school
Learning Time-Discipline
One of the ways we “learn” to be on time is by attending school as children
Punctuality
Timeliness regarding work-related tasks or responsibilities
Origin of deadlines
-A physical line around a military prison
-The line beyond which any prisoner who ventured would be shot
Research findings on punctuated equilibrium
-Groups with a specific deadline initially work by experimenting with different approaches
-Halfway to the deadline reorient and follow a new approach in order to meet timeline
Scheduling
The sequencing and duration of plans are known and formalized
Temporal symmetry
-Temporal coordination that permits people to engage in the same activities at the same time
-Value on the intersubjective
Pottering
Occupy oneself in a casual but pleasant manner, doing a number of tasks
Quality time
Concentrated, unstressed, uninterrupted time with loved ones
Goal of quality time
Making up in quality what is missed in quantity
Scarcity
The view of time as a limited and exhaustible resource
4 types of sleep deprivation
Total sleep deprivation, partial sleep deprivation, chronic sleep deprivation, and sleep fragmentation
Total sleep deprivation
Avoiding sleep for one night or more
Partial sleep deprivation
Less sleep for a night
Chronic sleep deprivation
Weeks, months, years
Sleep fragmentation
Interruptions to sleep
Sleep inertia
Brain needs time to wake up
Sleep switch
Homeostatic drive for sleep at night (after being awake for hours)
Circadian pacemaker
Neurological timing device
Social identity
A person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership(s)
Conspicuous Consumption of Time
-Theory of saying “I am the scarce resource, and therefore I am valuable”
-Humblebragging
Flexibility
The degree of rigidity in time structuring or task completion plans
Difference of flexibility and scheduling
A schedule can be either rigid/certain or flexible
Flextime
Coming in or leaving at an alternative time
Remote Work
-Working at an alternative location
-Facilitated by mobile communication technologies
Findings of remote/flex work
-Greater satisfaction
-(Typically) viewed with suspicion
-Can lead to more overload and stress
Institutional work
Establish new rules of the game, challenge the current rules of the game, and work to expand, enforce, or avoid those rules of the game
Work redesign
PTO and ROWE
PTO
Predictable time off
ROWE
Results only work environment
STAR
Support transform achieve results
What is STAR
-Dual Agenda Work Redesign
-Institutional work
-Establish new rules, challenge the current rules, and work to expand, enforce, or avoid those rules
Past time focus
A focus on previous individual and/or group experiences
Ceremonies
-Planned, formal, sanctioned
-Passage, Degradation, Enhancement, Renewal, Integration
Celebration
Least formalized behavior whose rigidity is least related to beliefs in supernatural efficacy
Social Construction of the Past
-We experience the present by relating ourselves to past and future
-But history is notoriously ambiguous
Communication functions of ritual/ceremony
-Have different temporal elements
-All phenomena are holistic events that involve people, place, and time.
-(Some) rituals reaffirm/(others) challenge social relationships
-Rituals also display/deepen social (individual or collective) identity
4-day workweek
Promotes more productive and efficient work by easing the pressure caused by long hours
Design thinking
Frame, inspire, ideate, prototype, test, share
Frame
Reflecting on the problem you really need to solve and the ways you can go about solving it
Inspire
Better understanding the users needs and revealing unmet needs
Ideate
Using what you’ve observed to generate ideas for products or designs
Prototype
The act of building your product or design
Test
Putting the prototype before users to see what they make of it, what they like, and what they struggle with
Share
Sharing the product and the story behind it
Temporal symmetry
-Synchronizing the activities of different individuals
-One of the fundamental principles of social organization
Health-related consequences of sleep deprivation
-Weakens your immune system
-Substantially increases your risk to cancer
-Increases risk of Alzheimers
-Disrupts blood sugar to classify you as a pre-diabetic
-Path towards cardiovascular disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure
-Depression. anxiety, and suicidal
The role of sleep in work performance
-Degrades both short term and long term memory
-Access to fewer strategic options and decision criteria
-Decrease in solving problems through creative insights
-More likely to chase high levels of risk
-Increase in unethical behavior
-Social withdrawal, loneliness, and lack of trust
Circadian medicine
-A facet of sleep medicine that applies the circadian rhythm to health care
-12 hours of dark and 12 hours of light
Intellectus
Contemplative practices and attitudes enabled by leisure
Leisure
The basis of culture
Kant
Argued that only active intellectual effort could serve as a firm basis for knowledge and philosophy only mattered if it was the product of “herculean labor”
DMN
-Default mode network
-Parts of our brain that activate as soon as people stop concentrating on external tasks and shift to inward-focused cognition
Spiral of expectations
-Ideal worker
-Perfect parent
-Ultimate body
Findings about how to create quality time
Invisible work - mundane, not forced
Role of technology
Provides short term feeling of accomplishment and a pressing feeling of being out of control or always behind
Technology addiction
-Directs attention to individual solutions for the overuse of technology rather than to understand social expectations and collective pressures that have led to the intensification of expectations
-Promotes fear, uncertainty, and self-blaming
Invisible work
The person who does the work isn’t always the one who remembers that it needs to be done, sets it up, and is mindful of how it affects others
Second shift
Additional time spent on childcare and housework that working mothers perform after they come home from their jobs outside the home
The place of technology in invisible work
The idea that invisible work can be offloaded to technologies: dishwashers, smartphones, refrigerators, roombas, doordash
4 types of scaffolding
Single scaffolding, modular scaffolding, double scaffolding, and needle scaffolding
Single scaffolding
Occurs when one person takes on the bulk of invisible work
Modular scaffolding
One person acts as the hub for invisible work while relying on a network of help to do some physical work
Double scaffolding
Appears in families in which spouses do their best to share their invisible work - including the physical and mental work
Needle scaffolding
A sole person holds the weight of the invisible work while also working full time
Needle scaffolding
A sole person holds the weight of the invisible work while also working full time
