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GERO > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

eyes + ears, endocrine, geropharm, pain, neurocognitive

1
Q

dry macular degeneration

A

drusen deposits form r/t inflammation and sit on macula.
no cure

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2
Q

wet macular degeneration

A

abnormal vessels form, rupture, and bleed on the retina.
injection of proteins

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3
Q

macular degeneration signs

A

loss of fine vision
central vision acuity

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4
Q

macular degeneration risk factors

A

white females
infection
family history
injury

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5
Q

presbyopia

A

decreased focus on close objects
normal change w age

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6
Q

strabismus

A

weak eye muscles

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7
Q

myopia

A

near sighted
can see close

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8
Q

hyperopia

A

far sighted
can see far

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9
Q

ptosis

A

loss of eyelid tone
eye drooping

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10
Q

delirium

A

acute confusion
common w stimulation overload
yes, reorient

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11
Q

cataracts

A

cloudy lens

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12
Q

floaters

A

caused by pieces of vitreous that broke off

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13
Q

presbycusis

A

normal hearing loss w age
starts w high pitch and high frequency

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14
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

problem w transmission from external through middle ear
(cerumen impaction, otitis media)

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15
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

problem w nerves or inner ear

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16
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing of ears

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17
Q

otitis media

A

fluid in middle ear

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18
Q

otitis externa

A

fluid in external ear canal
swimmer’s ear

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19
Q

external ear

A

auricle, ear canal

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20
Q

middle ear

A

malleus incus, stapes, tympanic membrane

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21
Q

inner ear

A

cochlea (semicircular canals)

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22
Q

labyrinthitis

A

inflamed semicircular canals
dizziness + N/V

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23
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

chronic, flareups and remissions of severe vertigo and tinnitus

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24
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax

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25
Q

issues w q tip usage

A

increases cerumen production
chronic inflamed ear canal
fibers will clog ear canal
impaction of cerumen

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26
Q

open angle glaucoma

A

slow progression
loss of peripheral vision

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27
Q

closed angle glaucoma

A

acute complete blockage
fluid cannot drain

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28
Q

glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure on optic nerve

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29
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what the body does to the drugs

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30
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug does to the body

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31
Q

drugs most likely to cause adverse drug events

A

antipsychotics
diuretics
anticoagulants
anticonvulsants

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32
Q

why are older people often dehydrated

A

decreased muscle mass (sarcopenia)
decreased thirst + water intake
diuretic drugs

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33
Q

nociceptive pain

A

nerves pick up signals about tissue damage
responsive to opioids
somatic or visceral

34
Q

somatic pain

A

musculoskeletal pain
increases w movement
achy and sharp

35
Q

visceral pain

A

deeper organ pain
diffused and often referred

36
Q

neuropathic pain

A

nerve damage
use adjuvant meds
often have parastehsia

37
Q

neuropathic pain

A

nerve damage
use adjuvant meds
often have paresthesia

38
Q

painad scale

A

for nonverbal pt
based on…
breathing
- vocalization
facial expression
body language
consolability

39
Q

pain is

A

subjective

40
Q

causes of parkinson’s

A

environmental
genetic
lifestyle

41
Q

parkinson’s pathophys

A

insufficient dopamine r/t 60-80% of substantia nigra dying off

42
Q

average age of parkinson’s diagnosis

A

62 years

43
Q

pugilistic parkinsonism

A

caused by repeated head trauma

44
Q

parkinson’s motor signs

A

bradykinesia
festination
unilateral tremors
postural instability
stooped hunched posture
stiffness + rigidity

45
Q

festination

A

shuffling gait with no arm movement

46
Q

parkinson’s autonomic signs

A

orthostatic hypotension
constipation
increased urgency

47
Q

parkinson’s cognitive changes

A

bradyphrenia
distracted attention
delayed working memory
difficulty organizing thoughts

48
Q

other parkinson’s signs

A

loss of sense of smell
micrographia
masked face
decreased reflexes
depression
REM behavior disorder
paranoia
visual hallucinations
psychosis

49
Q

to be diagnosed with parkinson’s, pt must experience

A

bradykinesia

50
Q

tremor dominant parkinson

A

progresses at a slower rate
less likely to develop dementia

51
Q

non tremor dominant parkinson

A

more widespread pathology
4x more likely to develop dementia

52
Q

decreased liver function

A

increased drug effects

53
Q

decreased renal function

A

decreased drug excretion (more toxicity)

54
Q

increased gastric pH

A

slows effect of acid dependant drugs

55
Q

increased gastric motility

A

decreased drug effect

56
Q

decreased gastric motility

A

increased drug effect

57
Q

increased body fat

A

increased drug affect of fat soluble drugs (extended storage)

58
Q

Beer’s criteria

A

list of potentially inappropriate meds for older adults
include special guidelines for PIMs

59
Q

palliative care

A

total care for patient and family unit
goal: relieve symptoms and provide best quality of life

60
Q

hospice

A

terminal diagnosis or 6 month prognosis
a form of palliative care

61
Q

dementia

A

chronic, progressive syndrome
general term for memory loss

62
Q

2 groups of dementia symptoms

A

cognitive dysfunction
behavioral and psychological

63
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

progressive, degenerative neuron loss
plaques and tangles

64
Q

lewy body dementia

A

in parkinson patients

65
Q

delirium

A

acute confusion
reversable
syndrome of disturbed consciousness

66
Q

perception determines

A

behavior

67
Q

perceptual field properties

A

fluidity
intensity
direction
stability

68
Q

fluidity

A

person takes in what is occurring and is apart of the situation

69
Q

intensity

A

awareness of factors in the environment

70
Q

direction

A

gives meaning to field and what is perceived there

71
Q

stability

A

some predictability and knowledge about how to function within the field

72
Q

perceptual field during delirium

A

increased fluidity
increased intensity
decreased direction
decreased stability

73
Q

hypoactive delirium symptoms

A

decreased alertness
lethargy
slowed movements

74
Q

hyperactive delirium symptoms

A

agitation
combative
hallucinations
restlessness
pulling at lines
trying to escape

75
Q

pharm nurse note for delirium

A

do not give benzos

76
Q

suicide risk

A

older males dx w depression

77
Q

SLAP

A

suicide risk assess
Specific plan
Lethal method
Availability of method
Proximity to help

78
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs based on incorrect inference about external reality

79
Q

nonbizarre delusions

A

situations that COULD occur

80
Q

bizarre delusions

A

based on situations that are unreal, not understandable, and not based on real life

GERO (4 decks)

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