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Intimate Relations > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is social cognition

A

Term that refers to all the process of perception, interpretation, belief , and memory with which we evaluate and understand ourselves and other people

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2
Q

What have researchers found with regard to first impression and their effect on later feelings or behaviors

A

Our first impression usually don’t change about someone and influence us later on

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3
Q

How long does it take to form an impression about someone’s attractiveness, likability, and trust worthiness

A

33 seconds

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4
Q

What is primary effect

A

Tendency of our first information we receive about others to carry special weight , along with our instant impressions and our stereotypes in shaping the overall impression of them

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5
Q

What is confirmation bias

A

They will seek information that will prove them right more often that look to prove their primary effect wrong

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6
Q

Who are the best predictors of the future of a relationship

A

The parents and second was their room mates because we focus on the strengths of the individual and ignore weaknesses giving us the most optimistic view

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7
Q

What are positive illusions

A

Portrays our partners in the best possible light, mixture of realistic knowledge and idealized perceptions

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8
Q

What arev consequence of positive illusions on relationship satisfaction and disillusionment

A

We imagine desirable skills our partners does not have , we judge their behavior in a positive light and so we’d be more likely to stay in the relationship

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9
Q

Under what circumstances might positive illusions lead subsequent disillusion

A

When we judge their behavior in a positive way, and we’re willing to commit to them and maintain in the realtionship

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10
Q

What is the actor/ observer effect

A

Generates different explanations for their own behavior then they do for similar things they see their partner do.

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11
Q

What is self serving biased

A

They take credit for their success but try to avoid blame for their failures

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12
Q

What are internal and external attributions

A

Internal : someone’s personality , ability or effort
External. ; implicating the situation or circumstances

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13
Q

What form of memory has been found to help couples stay optimistic about the future

A

Reconstructive memory / misremembering , because if things are good , they tend to forget bad memories or aruguments and gives them hope for their future

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14
Q

What is reconstructive memory and what does it do

A

This describes the manner which our memories are continuously revised and rewritten as new information is obtained , this influences our realtionships.. if we’re happy we forgot all bad and have hope, if we’re unhappy we forget all the good and focus on the bad

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15
Q

What are destiny beliefs

A

Destiny ; believe people are well suited for each other and will live happily ever after or will not

If two people are meant to be happy, they’ll know it as soon as they meet

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16
Q

What are growth beliefs

A

Good relationships are believed to develop gradually as the partners work at overcoming challenges

Believe with effort almost any relationship can succeed

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17
Q

What are self-fulfilling prophecy’s

A

False predictions that become true because they lead people to behave in ways that make the erroneous expectations true
This is the power of perception

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18
Q

What is self -enhanced vs self- verification

A

Self-enhanced ; the desire for positive , complimentary feed back
Self -verification ; the desire for feedback that is consistent with one’s exsisting self concept

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19
Q

What is impression management

A

Trying to influence the impression of us that others form

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20
Q

What are the different forms of impression management

A

ISIS

Self promotion - recounting accomplishments or strategically arranging public demonstrations of our skill

Intimidation- people portray themselves as ruthless dangerous so others will do their bidding

Supplication - people make themselves look inept or infirm

Ingratiation - when we seek acceptance and liking form others

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21
Q

What is self monitoring

A

Adjust their behavior to fit the varying norms of different situations, they’re alert to social cues on what they should do they are ready to tailor their behavior to fit in

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22
Q

What does it mean to be emotionally intelligent

A

People who have good social skills are emotionally intelligent , persons ability to in perceiving , using , understanding , and managing emotions .. they’re in tune with their emotions

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23
Q

Who are better judges of others, women or men

A

Women because they are more emotionally intelligent so they are a better at judging others

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24
Q

When are men as good at judging of others as women are

A

When they are married and one’s that aren’t are most likely to be wife beaters

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25
Q

What is meant by interpersonal gap

A

The senders intention differ from from the effect on the receiver , they are more likely to occur in close relationships we expect our partners to know us so we don’t try as hard

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26
Q

What are micro expressions

A

Authentic flashes of real emotions

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27
Q

What are the different nonverbal behavior

A

Provides information
Regulating interaction
Define the nature of the relationship
Interpersonal influence
Impression management

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28
Q

Non verbal behaviors - providing information

A

A persons behavior allows others to make references about his and her intention feelings and traits

Ex a husbands facial expression leads his wife to judge he is upset

29
Q

Nonverbal behavior - regulating interaction

A

Provides cues that regulate the efficient give and take of smooth conversation and other interaction

Ex a women starts looking at her partner as her tone drops and he starts speaking bc he knows she finished

30
Q

Defining the nature of the relationship

A

The type of partnership two ppl share may be evident in their nonverbal behavior

Lover stands closer to each other touch more than less intimate partners do

31
Q

Nonverbal behavior - interpersonal influence

A

Goal oriented behavior designed to influence someone else

As a person request for a favor , he leans forward touches his arm and gazes

32
Q

Nonverbal behavior - impression management

A

Nonverbal behavior that is managed by a person or a couple to create or enhance a image

33
Q

Which nonverbal communication factors have been found to be consistent across cultures

A

Happy ; smile
Surprise ; upward mouth and raised eyebrows
Contempt ; side smirk

34
Q

What are display rules

A

Culture norms that dictate what emotions are appropriate in particular situations

35
Q

How does non conscious behavioral mimicry affect communication and how do the two ppl feel about each other when this occurs

A

If they’re enjoying the conversation ppl tend to syconize their nonverbal behavior automatically

This allows the conversation to go smoothly and they like each other even more when they don’t notice the mutual mimicry

We are charmed and more at ease when mimicry takes place rather than stressful when it doesn’t

36
Q

How do sensitivity and accuracy of nonverbal communication affect how happy a couple will be

A

Husbands and wife’s who do poorly tend to dissatisfied with their marriage and moreover , when such problems occur it’s usually the husbands fault

37
Q

When it comes to nonverbal communication , how do women compare to men

A

It’s usually the husbands fault
Women are both better encoders and more astute decoders
Women tend to use subtle but real nonverbal cues

38
Q

What is self disclosure

A

The process of revealing personal information to someone else

39
Q

What is stonewalling

A

A partner calms up and withdraw with a Stoney silence

40
Q

What is criticism

A

Attacking the persons personality or character instead of identifying the specific behavior at hand

41
Q

What is behavior description

A

Tells partners what’s on our mind and focuses the conversation on discrete , manageable , behavior that can be changed

42
Q

What are cost

A

Punishing and undesirable experiences

43
Q

What is comparison level CL

A

What do we deserve from our relationship
Based on our experience
Is the standard by which our satisfaction is our relationship is measured

44
Q

What equals outcome

A

Rewards - cost = outcome

45
Q

Outcome - CL measures what

A

Happiness / satisfaction

46
Q

What are CL ALT

A

How well we could do in another relationship
This determine our dependency in the relationship

47
Q

Outcomes - CL Alt = ?

A

Dependency / stability

48
Q

Maurice receives many rewards and has few cost in his relationship with Karla. He believes he should have much more rewards. What is the likely to be the outcome of this relationship with regard to satisfaction or lack of

A

He will be unhappy but stabile and stay

49
Q

Mary is in a relationship where her comparison level is high her outcome is below her comparison level and her comparison level of alternative is low. What is the likely hook with regard to happiness/unhappiness and stability / instability

A

Unhappy but stable

50
Q

Based on the texts, during the first few years of marriage , what happens to marital satisfaction

A

Rewards become less and less satisfying even thought nothing has changed except our expectations , expectations rise, outcomes stay the same , satisfaction declines

51
Q

Both Athena and joe are getting equal parts in their relationship , but Athena feels she is putting in a lot more , according to equity theorist how does Athena likely feel

A

Unhappy and exploited , feelings of anger , resentful , less satisfying

52
Q

What does equity theory say about proportional justice and satisfaction / dissatisfaction in realtionships / marriage

A

Partners who are over benefited , were less relaxes and content then were those who’s outcome were equitable , and people who were under benefited were less happy still

53
Q

According to equity theory , how do you restore equity

A

Allocation of household task and children

54
Q

According to the investment model of commitment , what contributes to commitment

A

Commitment merges from all the elements of social exchange, and are associated with peoples CL AMS CL ALT

55
Q

Where are moral commitment

A

Sense of moral obligation , they feel they ought to continue the realtionshi bc they can’t break their promise or vows

56
Q

What is personal commitment

A

Occurs when they want to continue the relationship bc they are attractive to their partner and the relationship is satisfying

57
Q

What is it Constraints commitment

A

Occurs when people feel like they have to stay bc it would be too costly for them to leave , ppl fear social , financial consequences of ending their relationship

58
Q

Which physiological measures did Gottman and his colleagues study

A

Two channels of electrocardiogram ( holter monitor
Stress levels ( urine samples)
Immune system ( blood)
Facial expression / emotion

59
Q

Dr Gottman stated that in a healthy relationship there was a higher ratio of positive interaction then negative interaction ,.

What is the ratio

A

5:1 positive to negative
0.8 : 1 heading to divorce

60
Q

What are the four horse man of the apocalypse

A

Criticism - a way of complaining that suggest your partner is defective
Defensiveness - meeting a complaint with counter complaint
Disrespect / contempt - biggest predictor of divorce
Stone walling

61
Q

What is the difference between complaint and criticism

A

Compliant - talking about themselves and what they need / feel and is specific to the issue at hand
Criticism- suggest your partner is defective

62
Q

Gottman gave a antidote to defensiveness , what is it

A

Taking full responsibility to your own actions ,

63
Q

How well could Gottman predict a realtionships success

A

90 percent

64
Q

What is the basis of good sex, romance and passion

A

Friendship ( love maps , fondness, turning towards )

65
Q

What percent of conflicts are never resolved in a marriage

A

69 percent

66
Q

Which are the principles of relationships building / friendship

A

Love maps

67
Q

What is contempt

A

You feel superior to your partner , directly insulting , biggest predictor of divorce

68
Q

Are partners likely to rebid after being ignored for emotional connection

A

No , almost 0 likelihood

69
Q

What separates a good marriage from all others

A

Amount of repair attempts

Intimate Relations (4 decks)

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