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NSG 382 Pysch > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

content of a MSE

A
  1. appearance
  2. speech
  3. motor activity
  4. mood
  5. affect
  6. perceptions
  7. thought content
  8. thought process
  9. memory
  10. level of consciousness
  11. cognitive functioning
  12. insight and judgement
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2
Q

what is important to know about the neuroanatomy?

A

it has the ability to problem solve, establish memory, and to learn and used acquired knowledge

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3
Q

unstimulated babies brains

A

they are 20-30% smaller

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4
Q

how can parents help stimulate a child’s brain?

A

by parenting, cuddling, and talking

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5
Q

when is the best time to learn a foreign language?

A

between birth and 6 years

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6
Q

by what age are unused synapses destroyed?

A

10 years

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7
Q

discuss the cerebrum

A
  • 85% weight of the brain
  • the thinking part, controls voluntary muscles
  • memory lives here
  • two halves: right = abstract, left = analytic
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8
Q

what are the four lobes in the cerebrum?

A
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • occipital
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9
Q

what does the frontal lobe control?

A
  • muscular movements
  • planning and problem-solving, social judgement
  • interprets information, starting and stopping functions, filters extraneous information
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10
Q

what is correlated with frontal lobe impairments?

A
  • schizophrenia
  • depression
  • ADHD
  • antisocial personality disorder
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11
Q

what do the parietal lobes control?

A
  • contains sensory cortex and interprets touch and pressure
  • connected to writing and math skills
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12
Q

damage to left parietal lobe

A

confusion, difficulty with writing and math, aphasia, and agnosia

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13
Q

damage to right parietal lobe

A

neglecting part of body or space (washing or dressing)

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14
Q

what does the temporal lobe control?

A
  • involved in hearing, memory, language, comprehension, and emotions
  • connects with the limbic system to allow for emotional expression of fear, rage, sexual and aggressive behavior, possibly love
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15
Q

8 symptoms of temporal lobe dysfunction

A
  1. auditory sensation/perception
  2. selective attention and visual input
  3. visual perception
  4. impaired organization
  5. language comprehension
  6. long-term memory
  7. personality and affective behavior
  8. altered sexual behavior
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16
Q

what do the occipital lobes control?

A
  • interpretation of visual images and visual memory
  • involved in language formation
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17
Q

what makes up the cerebral hemispheres?

A

gray and white matter

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18
Q

what is the limbic system responsible for?

A

emotional expression, memory, and some attention

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19
Q

reticular activating system

A
  • system of neurons that modulate awareness and state of consciousness
  • helps us focus on things
  • allows us to sleep
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20
Q

what are the main inhibitory neurons?

A

GABA

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21
Q

extrapyramidal system

A

tracts of motor neurons to spinal cord whose role is in gross movements and emotional responses

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22
Q

diencephalon

A
  • composed of thalamus and hypothalamus
  • regulates hormone levels, appetite, body temp, sex drive, thirst, circadian rhythms, pleasure, and pain
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23
Q

what does the basal ganglia do?

A
  • starts and stops movements, plans motor activities, mediating hallucinations and delusions, and processes emotions and memories
  • this is where dopamine deficiency happens = parkinsonism
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24
Q

discuss the cerebellum

A
  • 2nd largest structure
  • controls movement, posture, balance, and sensory-motor coordination
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25
Q

where the brain stem located?

A

beneath the limbic system

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26
Q

what is some effective treatment for schizophrenia?

A

pharmacotherapy, psychosocial care, living skills, social skills, cognitive remediation therapy, rehab and recovery, and family therapy

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27
Q

is suicide a major concern with schizophrenia?

A

yes; 20% - 40% of people with it attempt suicide and 5% die

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28
Q

psychosis

A

a severe mental condition in which there is disorganization of the personality, deterioration in social functioning, and loss of contact with, or distortion of, reality. hallucinations and delusional thinking.

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29
Q

after being on an antianxiety med, what should the nurse expect?

A

that symptoms will improve 1 month after administration

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30
Q

is mild anxiety easily tolerated?

A

yes

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31
Q

during an assessment in someone who has anxiety, what should the nurse do if the patient is actively panicking?

A

deal with the anxiety before asking more questions

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32
Q

treatment of choice for OCD

A

SSRI’s

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33
Q

what do you NOT want to treat OCD with?

A

benzos

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34
Q

what are obsession and compulsions in OCD?

A
  • obsession are thoughts
  • compulsions are actions
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35
Q

drugs of choice for PTSD

A

paxil and zoloft

36
Q

what do you educated families about patients with adedonia?

A

they are not being lazy, it is just part of their illness

37
Q

what drug is useful in treating EPS symptoms?

A

benadryl

38
Q

drug of choice for seasonal depression

A

wellbutrine

39
Q

what does mania look like?

A

close to psychosis

40
Q

what does hypomania look like?

A

a little below hypomania

41
Q

what is the most urgent attention when someone is manic?

A

stop the nonstop physical behavior. when a patient can’t slow down, they can risk fatigue and injury and even death

42
Q

can staff set limits on teasing and sexual innuendoes?

A

yes

43
Q

how can you help a depressed patient with good sleep hygiene?

A

no TV, cold room, no screen time

44
Q

are those with depression good at making decisions?

A

no, it is too energy consuming for them.

45
Q

what can you offer a patient with depression?

A

a structure program

46
Q

s/s of depression

A
  • affect
  • loss of interest
  • vegetative
  • suicidal ideation (with previous attempts)
  • excessive guilt
  • psychomotor retardation (more with adults than kids because they have way too much dopamine)
47
Q

what are vegetative symptoms?

A

anorexia and social withdrawals

48
Q

if the nurse asks about what the patient is thinking what is this assessment?

A

cognitive

49
Q

if the nurse asks “how are you thinking?” to the patient what is this aspect?

A

affects

50
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

focusing, predicting, impulse control, planning

51
Q

limbic system

A

the emotional part of the brain: also known as reptilian brain. consists of diencephalon, hippocampus, and amygdala

52
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems. is involved in sleep and emotional activity

53
Q

hippocampus

A

responsible for learning and memory

54
Q

cerebellum

A
  • responsible for balance, posture, movement
  • cerebellum is where alcohol affects the brain
55
Q

where is dopamine manufactured?

A

substansia niagra

56
Q

where is serotonin manufactured?

A

rafae nuclei

57
Q

where do hallucinations occur?

A

the occipital lobe

58
Q

haldol

A

first gen. antipsychotic

59
Q

burpropion

A
  • SNRI
  • acts on norepinephrine (motivation) and serotonin
60
Q

clozoril

A
  • second gen. antipsychotic
  • a lot of weight gain
61
Q

olanzapine

A
  • second gen. antipsychotic
  • a lot of weight gain
62
Q

example of MAOIs

A

nardil and parnate

63
Q

what type of foods can you not eat with MAOIs?

A
  • tyramine rich foods
  • can cause a hypertensive crisis
  • examples include strong or aged cheeses, cured meats, smoked or processed meats, pickled or fermented foods, sauces, soybeans and soybean products, Snow peas, broad beans (fava beans), and their pods, dried or overripe fruits, yeast, alcohol
64
Q

paxil

A
  • SSRI
  • used for anxiety and PTSD
  • can’t give to kids
  • have to titrate up and down careful
65
Q

lithium

A
  • mood stabilizer (may be classified as an anticonvulsant)
  • must be on two forms of birth control
  • normal levels are between 0.6-1.2
66
Q

what should patients taking lithium be careful not to take?

A
  • no NSAIDS or diuretics because of kidney excretion, toxicity, and birth defects
  • if taking diuretics, can lead to an increase of lithium in the blood stream
67
Q

what are usually the first symptoms in someone who has lithium toxicity?

A

nausea and vomiting

68
Q

divalproex

A
  • first-line treatment for bipolar disorder
  • a lot like lithium, can lead to birth defects
  • monitor levels
69
Q

ativan

A
  • benzo
  • highly addictive, schedule 2 drug
70
Q

prolixin

A
  • first gen. antipsychotic
  • comes in sub q form
  • given as a depot injection
  • like haldol
71
Q

what is a depot injection good for?

A

it is long-acting

72
Q

klonopin

A
  • benzo
  • intermediate, long-acting
  • give for sleep
73
Q

what is an example of reference?

A

thinking that the TV is talking to you

74
Q

a client is complaining of appetite, feeling fatigued, and sleep, what area of the brain is affected?

A

hypothalamus

75
Q

what part of the brain is associated with difficulty with working memory and planning?

A

frontal lobe

76
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers that cause the brain cells to turn on and off

77
Q

what are the chemical messengers in benzos that are the main inhibitory control?

A

GABA

78
Q

what is the relation between nicotine and antipsychotics?

A

nitcotine speeds it up

79
Q

what drug is good for decreasing hallucinations?

A

olanzapine (zyprexa) or risperdal

80
Q

how to SSRIs work?

A

the allow more serotonin to be available to areas of the brain to help with anxiety

81
Q

before prescribing a benzo, what should the nurse check for?

A

recent use of alcohol or other antidepressants

82
Q

what might alcohol mask?

A

a seizure

83
Q

what is clonazepam (klonopin) used for?

A

anxiety

84
Q

in OCD are washing hands a lot an example of an obsession or compulsion?

A

compulsion

85
Q

classes of antidepressants

A
  • tricyclics
  • SSRIs
  • MAOIs
  • ANTICHOLINERGICS ARE NOT

NSG 382 Pysch (4 decks)

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