Exam #2 Flashcards
What are examples of torts in the hospital?
False imprisonment, assault, and battery.
What is Utilitarianism?
view that actions are right if they prove the greatest good for the greatest amount of people
What is Utilitarianism?
view that actions are right if they prove the greatest good for the greatest amount of people
What is Kantianism (Deontology)?
the belief that the final outcome does not make an action good, actions should be guided by moral principles instead
What are the types of abuse to watch out for?
physical, sexual, financial, neglect, emotional,
What is emotional abuse?
behaviors that threaten and humiliate another person
What are characteristics of an abuse perpetrator?
poor social skills, men who believe in male supremacy, PATHOLOGIC JEALOUSY, controls the family finances, likely to abuse alcohol or drugs, likely to have experienced violence as a child
Signs of child neglect?
hoarding or stealing food, basic medical and dental needs are not met, delayed growth and development, poor cleanliness and hygiene.
Signs of childhood physical abuse?
conflicting or changing stories regarding their injuries, injuries not typical for age group, injuries that resemble specific objects, delays in seeking care for injuries
What percentage of individuals over 65 are abused by caregivers?
10%
Who has an increased risk of experienced intimate partner violence?
Pregnant women
What are the steps in the cycle of violence?
Tension-building phase, acute battery phase, honeymoon phase
What is the tension-building phase?
perpetrator displaying controlling and jealous behaviors
What is the acute battery phase?
abuse phase. shortest and most violent
What is the honeymoon phase?
abuser feels guilt. tries to make up for actions by professing love, giving gifts, and promising to change
What is the most important thing when caring for a sexual violence victim?
ensure adequate privacy
What percentage of psychiatric clients were found to have committed an act of violence?
17%
When does anger become unhealthy?
When it turns into aggression
What is the best intervention for managing aggression?
prevention
What factors does the nurse look for when assessing risk for violence?
history, diagnosis, and red flags
What are important de-escalating techniques?
- calm, caring voice
2.set boundaries and identify consequences - tell client you are concerned and would like to understand
- seek to understand what is behind anger/aggression
- respect client’s personal space
6.reduce stimulation and loud noise
7.give the client options
8.attempt to redirect attention to positive activity
What are important nursing interventions patients with anger and aggression?
setting clear limits, describe consequences and always follow through, avoid touching clients that are angry or anxious, ensure no one is blocking the door, use least restrictive means as possible
What Are traumatic events/stressors expected to do to someone’s life?
disrupt anyone’s life
What disorders can individuals that have problems coping, managing stress and emotions, or resuming daily activities develop?
adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, PTSD, dissociative disorder
What happens to brain structure/function in Schizophrenia?
changes in basal ganglia activity, structural brain abnormalities, less brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (most supported) in frontal and temporal region of brain
What are the typical antipsychotics?
more effective with positive symptoms
What are atypical symptoms?
newer, help treat positive and negative symptoms, extrapyramidal side effects
What are side effects of antipsychotics?
sedation, postural hypotension, sexual dysfunctions, photosensitivity, allergic skin reaction, weight gain
What are specific side effects of anticholinergics?
lowers bp, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, lower seizure threshold
What are the more severe side effects of antipsychotics?
agranulocytosis, jaundice, EPS,tardive dyskenisia, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome`
How to control EPS?
lower dose, change meds, cogentin, akineton, artane
What are positive symptoms of schizo?
manifestations of things that are not normally present (hallucinations, delusions, alterations in speech, bizarre behavior)
What are negative symptoms of schizo?
absence of things that are normally present
What are grandeur delusions?
believes thay are all powerful and important, like a god
What are somatic delusions?
believes that their body is changing in an unusual way
What is associative looseness?
unconscious inability to concentrate on a single thought.
What is neologisms?
made up words that have meaning only to the client
What is echolalia?
the client repeats the words spoken to them
What is clang association?
forceful, meaningless rhyming of words
What is word salad?
words jumbled together with little meaning or significance to listener
What are the types of hallucinations?
auditory, command, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile
What are the most effective medications for generalized anxiety disorder?
SSRI and buspirone
What are the types of behavioral therapy?
positive reframing, assertiveness training, systemic desensitization, flooding, exposure, response prevention
What is response prevention?
refraining from avoidance, compulsion, or escape behavior
What is exposure therapy?
exposing patient to anxiety source without intention to cause danger
What is positive reframing?
thinking about a negative trigger or topic in a more positive way
What is flooding?
exposing patient directly to worst fears
What are coping strategies for stress?
breathing exercises. guided imagery, meditation, listening to music, recreational activity
What is decatastrophizing?
making more realistic appraisal of situations
What is assertiveness training?
learning to negotiate interpersonal situations
What is an obsession?
recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses that cause marked anxiety and interfere with interpersonal, social, or occupational function
What is a compulsion?
ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person carries out continuously to neutralize anxiety
Is there a definitive explanation of why people develop OCD?
nOOOO
What is dissociative amnesia?
the client cannot remember important personal information and includes a fugue experience where the client suddenly moves to a new geographic location with no memory of past (assumes a new identity)
What is depersonalization/ derealization disorder?
the client has a persistent or recurrent feeling of being detached from his or her mental processes or body or they have the sensation of being in a dream-like state in which the environment seems foggy or unreal
What is dissociative identity disorder?
the client displays 2 or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of his or her behavior and is accompanied by the inability to recall important personal information
What are the goals of treatment for stressor-related disorders?
improve quality of life, improve functional abilities, reduce symptoms
What are the EPS?
pseudoparkinsonism, akathesia, akinesia or bradykinesia, dystonia
What are the three types of anxiety?
reality, moral, neurotic
What is the assessment for OCD?
Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive
