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GEOG 301 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Native Americans

Common Characteristics

A
  • lack of interest to own property
  • very spiritual
  • Small environmental impact
  • trading networks
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2
Q

Native Americans

Common Facts
How many languages?
When were origin?
How many?

A
  • Spoke of 2,000 different languages
    * origins around 10-25k years ago
  • what they did depended on where they were
  • around 10 million of them settled
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3
Q

Native Americans

Woodland Farmers
Where?
Who?
What did they do?

A

**Northeastern US/ Southern Canada
* Iroguis confederacy
* hunting, fishing, farming

if they farmed they had bigger villages

Humid continental climate | lived in longhouses

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4
Q

Native Americans

“Three Sisters Farming”

(Three main crops)

Woodlands Farmers

A
  • corn
  • beans
  • squash
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5
Q

Native Americans

Mixed Farming

Woodlands Farmers

A

Planting 3 crops together

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6
Q

Native Americans

Mississippi Farmers
where?
pop?
economics?

A

Southeastern US
(MS to FL)
* more sophisticated
* fishing and hunting
* high population

cheifdoms
urbans centers

mound societies

Humid Suptropical Climate | Cheifs lived in big structures

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7
Q

Native Americans

Cohokia

Mississippi

A
  • mound society
  • around 40,000
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8
Q

Native Americans

5 Tribes

Mississippi Farmers

A

southeastern US until removed
* Cherokee
* Chocktaw
* Musogee
* Chikasaw
* Seminoles

- adopted many colonist customs
- good interrelations

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9
Q

Native Americans

Plains Hunters

A

Central US
- women farmed and gathered
- men hunted
- Horses

sedentary and nomadic

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10
Q

Native Americans

Horses

Plains Hunters

A
  • introduced by Spanish
  • nomadic lifestyle
  • Comanche and Apache
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11
Q

Native Americans

Plateau and Deset
hunter and gatherers

A

Between Sierra Nevadas and Rockies
- small/ primitive settlements
- easy targets for missionaries
- forged for roots and seeds
- hunted small reptiles

nomadic

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12
Q

Native Americans

Wikiups

Platea and Desert

A
  • lodge covered by brush
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13
Q

Native Americans

Pueblo Famers
who?

A

Southwest region
- high pop from agriculture
- Mollogans
- Hohokan
- Anasazi

arid climate

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14
Q

Native Americans

Coastal Fisher - Gatherers

A

Pacific Northwest
- No ag needed
- sophisticated social structure
- densly populated

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15
Q

Native Americans

Subarctic and Arctic
hunters and fishers
who?

A

Northern
- small pop
- beavers, fish, berries
- Inuit
- Aleut

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16
Q

Impacts of European colonization

Diseases
Why?
How many wiped out?
Results?

Native Americans

A

Smallpox, typhus, measles, diphtheria
- no previous exposure
- 90% of pop wiped out
- lost knowledge and culture

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17
Q

Impacts of colonization

Things to Know
How quick did they take control?
What did they bring?
What did it casue

A
  • Europeans took control in 40 yrs
  • brought alcohol, weeds, technology
  • causes wars
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18
Q

Impacts of European Colonization

Settlements Patterns
Why?
Results?

A
  • to get resources
  • natives slowed European expansion
  • natives helped them survive initially
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19
Q

Impacts of European Colonization

Forced Relocation

Native Americans
what did they do?

A
  • fought for land
  • Europeans had guns
  • used treaties to displace Indians
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20
Q

Impacts of European Colonization

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Native Americans
who?
what happened?

A
  • was supposed to be voluntary
  • the five tribes were main target
  • caused trail of tears
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21
Q

Impacts of European Colonization

Trail of Tears

Native Americans
where?

A
  • Choctaw only 1/4 survived
  • lost rights
  • sent to reservations in Oklahoma
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22
Q

Impacts of European Colonization

Policies towards Native Americans

A

Separation and containment
- many forced to read, wright
- religious conversion
- sent to boarding schools
- purged if heritage

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23
Q

Native Americans populations Today
how many tribes?
pop?
poverty?

A
  • 573 tribes
  • 1% of todays pop in US
  • 30% below poverty
  • lower life expectancy
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24
Q

Native Americans today
where?
economics?

A
  • not many in east, most in plains region
  • geography reflects where they were forced
  • minority
  • good businesses
  • around 50,000 native owned businesses
  • tax exempt businesses
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25
Q

Secretary Deb Haaland

A

First Native American cabinet secretary

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26
Q

Nunavut

A

Created in 1999 as homeland of Inuit
Iqulit is capital
Pop around 40,000
- attempt to address past injustices

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27
Q

Dakota Access Pipeline

A

Fracking, oil
1851 Treaty of Larome
- standing rock Sioux tribe protests
Taken over by govt to build pipeline
- sacred grounds

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28
Q

Wilbur Zelinksy

A

First settlement
Dutch settled in NY and it still shows today

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29
Q

Atlantic Slave Trade
when?
how many?

A

Began 1492
Most from 1700-1810
12-15 million slaves

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30
Q

Spanish Colonization
where?
economics?

A

Southeast, Texas region
First Euros to establish large settlements
Catholicism
Presidios- military control
Sugar plantations, gold mines, cattle ranching

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31
Q

Spanish Geopolitical decisions

A

Texas annex 1845
Mexico Session 1848
Gadsden Purchase 1950
Made 100,000 Mexicans citizens

Mythical seven cities of Cibola

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32
Q

French Colonization
where?
economics?

A

Great lakes and west of apps
Fishing, fur trade, and agricultural (natives help)

33
Q

Long lots

A

Ribbon like pieces of land that are perpendicular

34
Q

Patron system, fuedal system, and land grant system

A

working for someone to pay debt
Entrepot: place where goods are shipped and distributed

35
Q

British Colonization

A

entered late
13 colonies
NA was priority

36
Q

Hearth

A

origin
where something begins

37
Q

Chesapeake Bay
where?
economics?

A

Maryland and Virginia
Adopted tabacco and olives
very spread out

38
Q

New England (Yankee)
who?

A

Boston was main hub (90%)
Pilgrams and Puritans
puritans had higher impact

39
Q

Middle Colonies

A

PA and NY subregion
William Penn
Philly was major port city
Ag and industry
Polygot: more diversity

40
Q

immigration and settlement

Cultural Landscape

A
  • visible imprint on land
  • (tells who has been there)
41
Q

immigration and settlement

Material Culture

A

visible aspects of culture
physical objects

42
Q

immigration and settlement

Vernacular architechture

A

building that is native or unique to place

43
Q

immigration and settlement

Cultural Selectivity

A

what traits are brought into new place

44
Q

immigration and settlement

Cultural Simplification

A

dropping some triats when relocating

45
Q

First wave immigration

biggest factor?

A

Push factors

46
Q

2nd wave immigration

biggest factor?
where?

A

Pull factors
Northern and Western Europe

47
Q

immigration and settlement

chain migration

A

people migrating and bringing people from their area with them

48
Q

Third Wave migration

nickname?
how many and where?

when?

A

late 1800s
The “Great Deluge”
23 million immigrants from SE europe

49
Q

The “Great Deluge”
pushes?
impacts?
pulls?

A

pushes - jewish prosecution and industry
pulls - demand for unskilled labor
impacts - ghettos, immigration policy, assimilation

50
Q

assimilation

A
  • blending of culture into host culture
51
Q

Naturalization act of 1795 (renewed 1802)

A

no limit on immigration

52
Q

1800 - 1930

Chinese exclusion act

A

suspeneded Chinese immigration for 10 yrs

53
Q

1800 - 1930

Contract Labor law

A

prohibited companies for paying for transportation of labors

54
Q

Impacts of immigration

A

population growth decrease

55
Q

How much of US lived south of Mason Dixon Line

A

1/2

56
Q

Settlement of Old Northwest

A

growth of chicago
wheat, corn, and livestock

57
Q

Township and Range System

A

geometric system of land division
based on latitude and longitude

58
Q

Western Settlment Frontiers

A
  • Oregon country
  • 49th Parralel
  • Willamette Valley
59
Q

lumbering frontiers

A

midwest
pacific northwest

60
Q

What area was settle last

A

short grass praire
semi arid

61
Q

Dust Bowl
where?
how many left?

A

great plains
60% of pop left

62
Q

African American Migration
how many left where?
went to where?

A

5 million left south
first wave went north
second wave went west

63
Q

Bracero Program
where?

A

Mexican labor agreement
California, Texas, Pacific Northwest

64
Q

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952

A

for national security
new quotas

65
Q

3 modern waves of immigration

mid 1800s to late 1800s

A

Northern Europeans

66
Q

3 modern waves immigration

early 1900s to 1920s

A

Sourthern and Eastern European

67
Q

3 modern waves of immigration

1960 to present

A

latin americans and asians

68
Q

3 moderns waves of immigration

mid 1900s

A

not much immigration

69
Q

immigration

TPS

A

temporary protected status

70
Q

Recent Immigration Policy

A

laws for terrorism
border control

71
Q

What % of US is immigrants

A

13.7%

72
Q

What percent of international immigrants are in US

A

20%

73
Q

US immigration population %
naturalized-
unauthorized-
nonimmigrant-
lawful-

A

Nat -45%
unauth - 23%
nonimm - 5%
lawful - 28%

74
Q

Which categories are permanent immigrants admitted?

A

family relationship
employment sponsorship
humaniterian protection
diversity visa lottery

75
Q

purpose for temp visas

A

tourism and education

76
Q

Asylee

A

someone who is already in US trying to get in

77
Q

Asylum

A

protection granted for refugee

78
Q

DACA

A

Deferred Action for childhod arrivals
children who grew up in US

GEOG 301 (2 decks)

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