Exam 2 Flashcards
The approach to explaining depth perception that focuses on identifying information in the retinal image that is correlated with depth in the scene. Some of the depth cues that have been identified are overlap, relative height, relative size, atmospheric perspective, convergence, and accommodation.
cue approach to depth perception
Depth cue in which one object hides or partially hides another object from view, causing the hidden object to be perceived as being farther away. A monocular depth cue.
occlusion
Depth cue that depends on our ability to sense the position of our eyes and the tension in our eye muscles. Accommodation and convergence are oculomotor cues.
oculomotor cues
Depth cue—such as overlap, relative size, relative height, familiar size, linear perspective, movement parallax, and accommodation—that can work when we use only one eye. (10)
Monocular cues
Monocular depth cue, such as overlap, relative height, and relative size, that can be depicted in pictures.
Pictorial cues
A monocular depth cue. Objects that have bases below the horizon appear to be farther away when they are higher in the field of view. Objects that have bases above the horizon appear to be farther away when they are lower in the field of view.
relative height
A depth cue in which judgment of distance is based on knowledge of the sizes of objects. Epstein’s coin experiment illustrated the operation of the cue of familiar size by showing that the relative sizes of the coins influenced perception of the coins’ distances.
familiar size
A cue for depth perception. When two objects are of equal size, the one that is farther away will take up less of the field of view.
relative size
The perception that parallel lines in the distance converge as distance increases.
perspective convergence
A depth cue. Objects that are farther away look more blurred and bluer than objects that are closer because we look through more air and particles to see them. (10)
Atmospheric perspective
The visual pattern formed by a regularly textured surface that extends away from the observer. This pattern provides information for distance because the elements in a texture gradient appear smaller as distance from the observer increases.
texture gradient
A depth cue. As an observer moves, nearby objects appear to move rapidly across the visual field whereas far objects appear to move more slowly.
Motion parallax
A cue that provides information about the relative depth of two surfaces. Deletion occurs when a farther object is covered by a nearer object due to sideways movement of an observer relative to the objects. See also Accretion.
Deletion
A cue that provides information about the relative depth of two surfaces. Occurs when the farther object is uncovered by the nearer object due to sideways movement of an observer relative to the objects. A cue that provides information about the relative depth of two surfaces. Deletion occurs when a farther object is covered by a nearer object due to sideways movement of an observer relative to the objects.
Accretion
Two-eyed depth perception involving mechanisms that take into account differences in the images formed on the left and right eyes.
stereoscopic vision
The perception of depth that is created by input from both eyes. See also Binocular disparity.
stereoscopic depth perception
Misalignment of the eyes, such as crossed eyes or walleyes (outward looking eyes), in which the visual system suppresses vision in one of the eyes to avoid double vision, so the person sees the world with only one eye at a time.
strabismus
Occurs when the retinal images of an object fall on disparate points on the two retinas.
Binocular disparity
The points on each retina that would overlap if one retina were slid on top of the other. Receptors at corresponding points send their signals to the same location in the brain.
corresponding retinal points
An imaginary surface that passes through the point of fixation. Images caused by a visual stimulus on this surface fall on corresponding points on the two retinas.
Horopter
Two points, one on each retina, that would not overlap if the retinas were slid onto each other. Also called disparate points.
noncorresponding points
The visual angle between the images of an object on the two retinas. When images of an object fall on corresponding points, the angle of disparity is zero. When images fall on noncorresponding points, the angle of disparity indicates the degree of noncorrespondence.
absolute disparity
The visual angle between the images of an object on the two retinas. When images of an object fall on corresponding points, the angle of disparity is zero. When images fall on noncorresponding points, the angle of disparity indicates the degree of noncorrespondence.
angle of disparity
Disparity that occurs when one object is being fixated, and is therefore on the horopter, and another object is located in front of the horopter, closer to the observer.
crossed disparity