Exam 1 Flashcards
Conscious sensory experience =
Perception
Often identified with elementary processes that occur at the begining of a sensory system
Sensation (also see structuralism)
A sequence of steps leading from the envrironment to perception of a stimulus, recognition of the stimulus, and action with reguard to the stimulus
perceptual process
The stimulus “out there” in the external envrionment
Distal stimulus
The stimulus on the receptors. In vision, this would be the image on the retina
Proximal stimulus
What Principle states that stimuli and responses created by stimuli are transformed, or changed between the environmental stimulus and perception. An example is when light reflected from a tree a person is looking at is transformed at it is focused in the eye’s optical system
Principle of Transformation
= Stimuli and responses created by stimuli are changed between the environmental stimulus and perception
What Principle is the second principle of perception. It emphasizes that an image that has been transformed from light is then represented as something in the person’s eyes. For example, an image of a tree is transformed into the image on the retina, and this image represents the tree in the person’s eyes.
Principle of Representation
= Everything a person perceives is based not on direct contact with stimuli, but on representations of stimuli that are formed on the receptors and on the activity in the person’s nervous system
Cells specialized to respond to envriomental energy, with each sensory system’s receptors specailized to respond to a specific type of energy
Sensory receptors
In the senses, the transformation of envrionmental energy into electrical energy. For exaple, the retinal receptors transduce light energy into electrical energy.
Transduction
Operations that transform electrical signals within a network of neurons or that transform the response of individual neurons
Neural processing
Area of the cerebral corten that first receives most of the signals initiated by a sense’s receptors
Primary receiving area
The primary receiving area for vision
Occipital cortex
The primary receiving area for hearing
Temporal lobe
The 2mm-thick layer that covers the surface of the brain and contains the machinery for creating perception, as well as for other functionc, such as language, memory, and thinking
Cerebral cortex
A lobe at the back of the cortex that is the site of the cortical receiving area for vision
Occipital lobe
A lobe one the side of the corten that is the site of the cortical receiving area for hearing and the termination point for the ventral, or WHAT, stream for the visual processing. A number of areas in this lobe, such as the fusiform face area and the extrastriate body area, serve fuctions related to perceiving and recognizing objects
Temporal lobe
A lobe at the top of the cortex that is the site of the cortical recieving area for touch and is the termination point of the doral (WHERE or HOW) stream for visual processing
Parietal lobe
Receiving signals from all of the senses, what lobe plays an important role in perceptions that involove the coordination of info received through 2 or more senses. It also serves functionc such as language, thought, memory, and motor functioning
Frontal lobe
The ability to place an object in a category that gives it meaning
Recognition
- for ex. recognizing a perticular red object as a tomato
The inability to recognize objects
Visual object agnosia
Motor activites in response to a stimulus
Action
Any info that the perceiver brings to a situation
Knowledge
-also see Top-down processing
Rat-man demonstration
The demonstration in which presentation of a “ratlike” or “manlike” picture influences an observer’s perception of a second picture, which can be interpreted either as a rat or as a man. This demonstration illistrates an effect of top-down processing on perception
Placing objects into categories, such as “tree,” “bird,” “car”
Categorize