Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio 202 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Special lymphatic vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary __________ that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries.

A

lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lymphatic vessels recover about _____ of the fluid filtered by capillaries.

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

forces that help lymph to flow?

A

rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels, skeletal muscle pump, thoracic pump, arterial pulsation, exercise
NO LYMPHATIC NODE PUMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ are the largest of the lymphatic vessels, and they empty into the ___.

A

collecting ducts, subclavian veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

___ are found specifically in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens.

A

eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

___ employ a “respiratory burst” to produce bacterial chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite.

A

neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

immune surveillance is a process in which ___ nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells.

A

NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

perforin is released by___

A

NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which are the lymphatic tissues?

A

lymphoid: aggregations of lymphocytes in connective tissues of mucous membranes
lymphatic nodules: dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages that congregate in response to pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which of the following is common in the distal small intestine?

A

aggregated lymphoid nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T cells achieve immunocompetence in the ___.

A

thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the ___ show(s) a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age.

A

thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which of the following do belong to the second line of defense?

A

Leukocytes and macrophages, antimicrobial proteins, natural killer cells, inflammation, and fever
DO NOT: GASTRIC JUICES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

___ lacks the capacity to remember pathogens or react differently in the future, whereas ___ utilizes memory cells to adapt to a given pathogen and ward it off more easily in the future.

A

innate defenses, adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called ___ and a vasodilator called ___

A

heparin; histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when an enemy cell is preset a ___ secretes perforins, which bore a hole in the enemy cell membrane.

A

NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__ are secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected.

A

interferons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

___ are antimicrobial proteins

A

interferons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

complement fixation can lead to ___

A

inflammation, phagocytosis, immune clearance, cytolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a pyrogen is a substance that causes___

A

fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation is___

A

redness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

characteristics of inflammation

A

redness, swelling, heat, pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

one characteristic of the immune response is specificity. this means that___

A

immunity directed against a particular pathogen

24
Q

cellular immunity is effective against___

A

cancer cells

25
Q

vaccination stimulates ___ immunity

A

artificial active

26
Q

serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates ___ immunity

A

artificial passive

27
Q

helper T cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a(n) ___

A

major histocompatibility (MHC)

28
Q

which act as antigen-presenting cells?

A

Dendritic cells, macrophages, reticular cells, and B cells

29
Q

cytotoxic T cells are like natural killer cells because they both ___

A

carry out attack
secrete granzymes and perforin

30
Q

helper T cells do not___

A

secrete fever producing chemicals

31
Q

___ participate in both innate immunity and the immune response?

A

helper T cells

32
Q

which is the correct sequence of events in the humoral immune response?

A

antigen recognition, antigen presentation, clonal selection, differentiation, attack

33
Q

before B cells secrete antibodies, they differentiate into___

A

plasma cells

34
Q

what do antibodies do?

A

link antigen molecules together, neutralize antigens

35
Q

the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets mainly ___

A

helper T cells

36
Q

describe functions of lymphatic system

A
37
Q

role of red bone marrow in immune system

A
38
Q

origin of lymph

A

Originates as extracellular fluid
Clear, colorless fluid, similar to plasma, but much less protein

39
Q

define pathogen

A

agents capable of producing disease

40
Q

describe the immune system

A
41
Q

role of mucous membranes in defense

A
42
Q

describe adaptive immunity

A

Defeats a pathogen and leaves the body with a “memory” of it so it can defeat it faster in the future
Is specific

43
Q

describe interferon secretions

A
44
Q

describe composition of pus

A

yellow accumulation of dead neutrophils, bacteria, cellular debris, and tissue fluid

45
Q

describe mechanism of helper T cells

A
46
Q

one group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer cells is___

A

granzymes

47
Q

contrasting humoral and cellular immunity

A

cellular directly attack

48
Q

describing functional capacity of naïve T cells

A
49
Q

majority of T cells of the naive lymphocyte pool wait for an encounter with foreign antigens in the ___

A

lymphatic tissued

50
Q

autoimmune disease are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish ___ from foreign ones

A

self-antiens

51
Q

a person who is HIV + and has helper T cell count lower than ___ has aids

A

200 cells

52
Q

which organ shrinks significantly by adulthood?

A

thymus

53
Q

which of these is largest lymphoid organ in body?

A

spleen

54
Q

describing fate of cytotoxic T cells

A
55
Q

comparing cellular and humoral immunity

A

cellular: specific
humoral: indirect, first exposure

bio 202 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions