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bio 202 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

describe a hormone

A

chemical messenger transported by blood

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2
Q

endocrine glands?

A

release secretions into blood

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3
Q

The nervous system reacts to stimuli __________ compared
to the endocrine system, adapts __________ compared to
the endocrine system, and has __________ effects
compared to the endocrine system.

A

quick, quick, specific

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4
Q

not secreted by pancreas?

A

somatropin

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5
Q

posterior pituitary secretes

A

oxytocin and ADH

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6
Q

hypothalamic hormone

A

releasing inhibiting, somatostatin
TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRN

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7
Q

Mammary gland

A

TRH, PLR

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8
Q

thyroid

A

TSH, TRH

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9
Q

testis, ovaries

A

GnRH, LH, FSH

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10
Q

adrenal cortex

A

CRH, ACTH

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11
Q

Liver, fat, muscle, bone

A

GHRH, GH

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12
Q

ADH targets?

A

kidneys, water retention

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13
Q

Function of ADH

A

increase water retention

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14
Q

The hormone called _________ plays an important role in
synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of
daylight and darkness.

A

melatonin

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15
Q

The __________ secretes several hormones that stimulate
the development of lymphatic organs and regulates
development and activity of T cells (white blood cells).

A

thymus

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16
Q

The __________ secrete(s) __________, which promotes
Na+ and water retention.

A

adrenal cortex, aldosterone

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17
Q

both endocrine and exocrine functions?

A

gonads, pancreas

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18
Q

enters target cell nucleus and acts directly on genes?

A

estrogen

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19
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone that targets organs

A

gonads, ovaries

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20
Q

hormone from which organ has greatest effect on BMR?

A

thyroid gland

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21
Q

which organ produces hormones that control blood glucose electrolyte levels?

A

pancreas

22
Q

where do most RBCs die?

A

spleen and liver

23
Q

A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to
someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from
someone of type __________.

A

Type A, AB: Type A, O

24
Q

The main reason why an individual with type AB, Rh-
negative blood cannot donate blood to an individual with
type A, Rh-positive blood is because __________.

A

Type A has anti-B antibodies

25
Q

how does bone marrow help reverse hypoxemia

A

RBC count and oxygen increases

26
Q

carry oxygen-poor blood?

A

inferior and superior venae cavae

27
Q

pulmonary circuit?

A

right side of heart
heart, pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillaries, and pulmonary veins

28
Q

heart is enfolded within a space called the

A

paracardial cavity

29
Q

The apex of the heart is found __________ of the midline of
the body.

A

inferior end, to the left

30
Q

The __________ performs the work of the heart

A

myocardium

31
Q

The __________ are the superior chambers of the heart and
the _________ are the inferior chambers of the heart.

A

right and left atria: right and left ventricles

32
Q

The area where the major vessels lead to and from the
heart’s chambers is called the __________ of the heart. The
pointy, inferior portion is called the ___________.

A

base: apex

33
Q

Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________.

A

right atrium

34
Q

The chordae tendineae of the AV valves are anchored to the
__________ of the ventricles.

A

papillary muscles

35
Q

The __________ carry blood toward the lungs

A

pulmonary circuit
trunk/arteries

36
Q

Which blood vessels receive blood directly from right ventricle?

A

pulmonary arteries

37
Q

Cardioinhibitory centers in the __________ receive input
from __________.

A

medulla oblongata, chemoreceptors in aortic arch

38
Q

Arteries are sometimes called the __________ vessels of
the cardiovascular system because they have strong-
resilient tissue structure.

A

resistance

39
Q

thickest tunica mesia?

A

small arteries

40
Q

The outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the
__________ and in large arteries and veins contains the
__________.

A

tunica externa, vasa vasorum

41
Q

greatest volume of body found in?

A

veins

42
Q

Alternative routes of blood supply are called __________.

A

portal system, emastinosis
anastomosis, venous anastomosis, arterial anastomosis

43
Q

In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in
the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. What
causes the varicose veins?

A

faulty valves

44
Q

How is venous return to your heart affected when you go
for an easy jog?

A

increase skeletal pump

45
Q

What is the path of blood flow from the heart to the lung
tissues and back to the heart?

A

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries lung tissue, pulmonary veins, left atrium

46
Q

Where is the vasomotor center located?

A

medulla oblongata

47
Q

Which of the following is associated with vasomotion?

A

smooth muscles in tunica media

48
Q

Which of the following is a portal system?

A

heart, artery arteriole, capillary bed, venule, vein, heart

49
Q

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and __________.

A

carbon dioxide

50
Q

Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to
__________.

A

hemoglobin

51
Q

What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic
nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin?

A

bilirubin

bio 202 (3 decks)

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