exam 1

Question 1

describe a hormone

Answer 1

chemical messenger transported by blood

Question 2

endocrine glands?

Answer 2

release secretions into blood

Question 3

The nervous system reacts to stimuli __________ compared
to the endocrine system, adapts __________ compared to
the endocrine system, and has __________ effects
compared to the endocrine system.

Answer 3

quick, quick, specific

Question 4

not secreted by pancreas?

Answer 4

somatropin

Question 5

posterior pituitary secretes

Answer 5

oxytocin and ADH

Question 6

hypothalamic hormone

Answer 6

releasing inhibiting, somatostatin
TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRN

Question 7

Mammary gland

Answer 7

TRH, PLR

Question 8

thyroid

Answer 8

TSH, TRH

Question 9

testis, ovaries

Answer 9

GnRH, LH, FSH

Question 10

adrenal cortex

Answer 10

CRH, ACTH

Question 11

Liver, fat, muscle, bone

Answer 11

GHRH, GH

Question 12

ADH targets?

Answer 12

kidneys, water retention

Question 13

Function of ADH

Answer 13

increase water retention

Question 14

The hormone called _________ plays an important role in
synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of
daylight and darkness.

Answer 14

melatonin

Question 15

The __________ secretes several hormones that stimulate
the development of lymphatic organs and regulates
development and activity of T cells (white blood cells).

Answer 15

thymus

Question 16

The __________ secrete(s) __________, which promotes
Na+ and water retention.

Answer 16

adrenal cortex, aldosterone

Question 17

both endocrine and exocrine functions?

Answer 17

gonads, pancreas

Question 18

enters target cell nucleus and acts directly on genes?

Answer 18

estrogen

Question 19

follicle-stimulating hormone that targets organs

Answer 19

gonads, ovaries

Question 20

hormone from which organ has greatest effect on BMR?

Answer 20

thyroid gland

Question 21

which organ produces hormones that control blood glucose electrolyte levels?

Answer 21

pancreas

Question 22

where do most RBCs die?

Answer 22

spleen and liver

Question 23

A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to
someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from
someone of type __________.

Answer 23

Type A, AB: Type A, O

Question 24

The main reason why an individual with type AB, Rh-
negative blood cannot donate blood to an individual with
type A, Rh-positive blood is because __________.

Answer 24

Type A has anti-B antibodies

Question 25

how does bone marrow help reverse hypoxemia

Answer 25

RBC count and oxygen increases

Question 26

carry oxygen-poor blood?

Answer 26

inferior and superior venae cavae

Question 27

pulmonary circuit?

Answer 27

right side of heart heart, pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillaries, and pulmonary veins

Question 28

heart is enfolded within a space called the

Answer 28

paracardial cavity

Question 29

The apex of the heart is found __________ of the midline of the body.

Answer 29

inferior end, to the left

Question 30

The __________ performs the work of the heart

Answer 30

myocardium

Question 31

The __________ are the superior chambers of the heart and the _________ are the inferior chambers of the heart.

Answer 31

right and left atria: right and left ventricles

Question 32

The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart's chambers is called the __________ of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the ___________.

Answer 32

base: apex

Question 33

Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________.

Answer 33

right atrium

Question 34

The chordae tendineae of the AV valves are anchored to the __________ of the ventricles.

Answer 34

papillary muscles

Question 35

The __________ carry blood toward the lungs

Answer 35

pulmonary circuit trunk/arteries

Question 36

Which blood vessels receive blood directly from right ventricle?

Answer 36

pulmonary arteries

Question 37

Cardioinhibitory centers in the __________ receive input from __________.

Answer 37

medulla oblongata, chemoreceptors in aortic arch

Question 38

Arteries are sometimes called the __________ vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have strong- resilient tissue structure.

Answer 38

resistance

Question 39

thickest tunica mesia?

Answer 39

small arteries

Question 40

The outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the __________ and in large arteries and veins contains the __________.

Answer 40

tunica externa, vasa vasorum

Question 41

greatest volume of body found in?

Answer 41

veins

Question 42

Alternative routes of blood supply are called __________.

Answer 42

portal system, emastinosis anastomosis, venous anastomosis, arterial anastomosis

Question 43

In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. What causes the varicose veins?

Answer 43

faulty valves

Question 44

How is venous return to your heart affected when you go for an easy jog?

Answer 44

increase skeletal pump

Question 45

What is the path of blood flow from the heart to the lung tissues and back to the heart?

Answer 45

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries lung tissue, pulmonary veins, left atrium

Question 46

Where is the vasomotor center located?

Answer 46

medulla oblongata

Question 47

Which of the following is associated with vasomotion?

Answer 47

smooth muscles in tunica media

Question 48

Which of the following is a portal system?

Answer 48

heart, artery arteriole, capillary bed, venule, vein, heart

Question 49

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and __________.

Answer 49

carbon dioxide

Question 50

Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to __________.

Answer 50

hemoglobin

Question 51

What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin?

Answer 51

bilirubin