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human physiology > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

types of muscle

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
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2
Q

skeletal muscle

A
  • controlled by somatic efferent neurons
  • voluntary
  • multinucleate
  • striated
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3
Q

smooth muscle

A
  • controlled by autonomic efferent neurons
  • involuntary
  • uninucleate
  • no striations
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4
Q

cardiac muscle

A
  • controlled by autonomic efferent neurons
  • involuntary
  • uninucleate
  • striated
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5
Q

muscle cell

A

muscle fiber

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6
Q

cell membrane of muscle

A

sarcolemma

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7
Q

cytoplasm of muscle

A

satcoplasm

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8
Q

endoplasmic reticulum of muscle

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

what are skeletal muscles composed of

A

connective tissue
muscle fasicles
blood vessels
nerves

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10
Q

what are muscle fascicles composed of

A

muscle fibers (cells)
called syncitum

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11
Q

what are muscle fibers composed of

A

sarcolemma
t-tubules
sarcoplasm
multinuclei
sarcoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

stores calcium

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13
Q

t tubules

A

extensions of sarcolemma that go into myofibril

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14
Q

triad

A

t-tubule into interior muscle fiber

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15
Q

actin

A
  • thin filament
  • made up of g-actin, tropomyosin, troponin
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16
Q

myosin

A
  • thick filament
  • tail and 2 heads
  • hinge region allows pivot
17
Q

A band

A

anywhere there is myosin (can also have actin overlapping)

18
Q

I band

A

only actin present

19
Q

H zone

A

only myosin present

20
Q

M line

A

where myosin is anchored

21
Q

Z disk

A

where actin is anchored

22
Q

titin

A

huge protein spring that gives passive tension to muscle

23
Q

length of sarcomere

A

about 3 um

24
Q

sarcomere length during contraction

A
  • z lines get pulled towards each other
  • sarcomere shortens BUT length of actin and myosin filaments do NOT change! there is just more overlap of actin and myosin
25
Q

role of ATP during muscle contraction

A
  • binding to myosin head: allows dissociation of myosin and actin
  • hydrolysis of ATP: gives energy for power stroke
  • Ca-ATPase to bring calcium back into sarcoplasmic reticulum

human physiology (2 decks)

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