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Lifespan Development > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

fine motor skills

A

writing; detailed movements

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2
Q

gross motor skills

A

big movements

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3
Q

avg growth per year (preschool)

A

2-3 inches; 5 lbs

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4
Q

avg 6 year old

A

weighs 45 lbs; 46 inches tall

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5
Q

physical benchmarks of preschoolers

A

increased control of hands and fingers; lacing shoes; kicks/bounces/catches a ball; cuts with scissors; jumps/hops/skips

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6
Q

preschooler awareness of self and others

A

pretend play, develops friendships, displays independence, shares, respects others’ things

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7
Q

basic virtue is purpose; important events are exploration and play; asserting power and control through directing play and order

A

initiative vs guilt

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8
Q

interactions with others

A

solitary, onlooker, parallel, cooperative, sociodramatic, imaginary friends

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9
Q

playing by oneself

A

solitary interaction

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10
Q

watching others play

A

onlooker interaction

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11
Q

playing alongside other children, but doing their own thing

A

parallel interaction

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12
Q

playing with others

A

cooperative interaction

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13
Q

pretend play (the most important)

A

sociodramatic interaction

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14
Q

improvement of motor manipulation and strength; develops spacial thinking and reasoning; encourages creative thinking and imagination; develops problem-solving skills

A

play helps children develop

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15
Q

curiosity; cause and effect experimentation; letters and numbers recognition; awareness of time; hands-on learning; increased memory skills; dominant hand preference

A

preschool thinking and learning

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16
Q

infers from one specific to another specific

A

transductive thought

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17
Q

egocentrism

A

it’s all about me

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18
Q

centration

A

the ability to focus, but not multitask

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19
Q

animism

A

nature is alive and controllable

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20
Q

irreversibility

A

things can only be done one way

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21
Q

piaget’s preoperational thinking

A

transductive thought; egocentrism; centration; animism; irreversibility, ages 2-5/6

22
Q

habituation

A

stimuli loses is effect and attention is lost

23
Q

dishabituation

A

change in stimuli to regain and keep attention

24
Q

preschool attention span

A

very short; habituation vs dishabituation

25
Q

reinforcement and punishment

A

behaviors are affected by their consequences

26
Q

observation and imitation

A

older children learn by observing others

27
Q

asks why/who/how come; rapidly expanding vocab; story-telling; name writing; improving listening skills; verbal conflict resolution

A

preschooler communication

28
Q

gender identity

A

i am a boy or girl

29
Q

gender constancy

A

i am and always will be a boy or girl (develops around age 4 and 5)

30
Q

physical development of school-aged children

A

steady; 3-5inches per year; 5-8pounds per year; increased strength and agility

31
Q

rapid growth and weight gain

A

girls 9 years old

32
Q

critical fat hypothesis

A

when a girl has enough fat (body weight and % of body fat), the hormone Leptin travels to the brain and begins the process of puberty

33
Q

operational thinking; loss of concentration & egocentrism; inductive logic; perspective taking
self-concept; self-esteem

A

industry vs inferiority

34
Q

self-concept

A

set of personal attributes

35
Q

self-esteem

A

how I feel about my personal attributes

36
Q

obesity affects

A

124 million kids

37
Q

bad feelings & anxiety about body inadequacy and judging physical appearance as more important than intelligence, compassion, or emotional well-being

A

body distortion

38
Q

body dissatisfaction in 3-5yr olds

A

2/3 of average weight girls

39
Q

body dissatisfaction in 6-12yr olds

A

80% of girls and 50% of boys

40
Q

reported appearance-related teasing by a parent

A

23% of participants

41
Q

effects of parental teasing

A

body dissatisfaction, bulimic behaviors, depression, low self-esteem, eating disorders

42
Q

most important qualities in elementary-aged friendships

A

loyalty and honesty

43
Q

crowd

A

group of people together

44
Q

clique

A

subgroup of 3-7 closer friends

45
Q

popular peer status

A

knows everyone and has good social skills

46
Q

neglected peer status

A

forgotten

47
Q

rejected peer status

A

actively pushed out

48
Q

controversial peer status

A

friends to stay on the good side

49
Q

average peer status

A

has friends and cliques (most common - 80%)

50
Q

boys’ aggression

A

physically aggressive and then let it go and make up

51
Q

girls’ aggression

A

turn on friends and spread rumors; hold grudges for a long time

52
Q

effects of having friends

A

higher self-esteem; engagement in prosocial behavior; greater feelings of self worth

Lifespan Development (3 decks)

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