EXAM 2 Flashcards
Binary Fission
Main division of bacterial cells
Binarry Fission Process
Parent cell enlarges, duplicates its chromosome, and
forms a central transverse septum dividing the cell into two daughter cells
Lag phase
“flat” period of adjustment, enlargement; little growth
Exponential growth phase
a period of maximum growth when cells have adequate nutrients and a favorable environment
Stationary phase
rate of cell growth equals rate of cell death caused by depleted nutrients and O2, excretion of organic acids and pollutants
Death phase
As limiting factors intensify, cells die exponentially
Hemocytometer
Tool for counting the number of cells in a sample microscopically
Best time for gram straining
10-15 hours (young active synthesizing peptidoglycan)
Metabolism
all chemical and physical workings of a cell
Catabolism
degradative; breaks the bonds of larger molecules forming smaller molecules; releases energy
Anabolism
biosynthesis; process that forms larger macromolecules from smaller molecules; requires energy input
Enzymes
Biological catalysts
Enzyme function
Increase the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the energy of activation
Apoenzyme
protein portion of conjugated enzymes or holoenzymes
Cofactors
nonprotein portion of conjugated enzymes or holoenzymes
