Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microanatomy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what does connective tissue develop from

A

mesenchyme (which develops from mesoderm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

basic components of connective tissue

A

specialized cells

ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

components of ECM

A

proteins + ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

functions of connective tissue

A 
structure
transport
protection
support
store energy
immune support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

broad categories of connective tissue

A

connective tissue proper

fluid connective tissue

supporting connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

connective tissue proper types

A

loose and dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fluid connective tissue types

A

blood and lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

supporting connective tissue types

A

cartilage and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fibers of connective tissue

A

collagen
reticular
elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

collagen

A

long, straight, unbranched, strong

tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

reticular

A

branched, interwoven, flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

elastic

A

branched, wavy, extensible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cells of connective tissue proper

A 
fibroblasts
adipocytes
macrophages
melanocytes
mast cells
lymphocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fibroblasts

A

present in all connective tissue

give rise to other cells

secrete ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adipocytes

A

fat cells

empty (signate) appearance on slides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

macrophages

A

phagocytes for pathogens or dead tissue

can be fixed or free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

melanocytes

A

synthesize melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

mast cells

A

stimulate local inflammation via vesicles containing histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lymphocytes

A

T cells
B cells
NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

plasma cells

A

B cells that have begun producing antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

types of loose connective tissue proper

A

mucous
areolar
adipose
reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mucous connective tissue

A

embryonic tissue

found in umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

adipose tissue

A

white or brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

reticular tissue

A

found in spleen and liver

25
Q

dense connective tissue types

A

regular - found in tendons and ligaments

irregular - found in organ capsules

26
Q

cartilage

A

avascular tissue

set apart from other tissues by perichondrium

27
Q

perichondrium layers

A

outer fibrous layer

inner cellular layer

28
Q

cartilage growth

A

interstitial (added to inside)

appositional (added to outside)

29
Q

types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibro

30
Q

hyaline cartilage function and location

A

to be tough and somewhat flexible

articular cartilage

31
Q

elastic cartilage function and location

A

to be resilient and flexible

pinna of outer ear, auditory tube

32
Q

fibrocartilage function and location

A

resist compression

discs and menisci

NOT COVERED BY PERICHONDRIUM

33
Q

classifications of bones + 1 example of each

A 
long (femur)
short (carpals)
flat (sternum)
irregular (vertebra)
sesamoid (patella)
sutural (skull sutures)
34
Q

components of a flat bone

A

2 layers of compact bone with a spongy layer in the middle called the diploe

35
Q

bone tissue types

A

compact (or dense)

spongy (or cancellous)

36
Q

what accounts for the weight of bone

A

2/3 calcium phosphate

1/3 collagen

37
Q

cells in bone tissue

A

osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteoprogenitor cells

38
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

do not divide

39
Q

osteoblasts

A

secrete osteoid

40
Q

osteoclasts

A

resorption of bone matrix

not osteogenic in origin

41
Q

ossification definition

A

replacement of other tissue types with bone tissue

42
Q

types of ossification

A

intramembranous

endochondral

43
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

mesenchyme to bone

occurs in clavicle, sternum, cranial flat bones

44
Q

endochondral ossification

A

cartilage to bone

long bones

45
Q

steps of endochondral ossification

A

chondrocytes enlarge and die

blood vessels penetrate perichondrium

inner cell layer differentiates into osteoblasts

osteoblasts secrete bone matrix - spongy bone forms 1st

osteoclasts/osteoblasts go back and forth to create marrow cavity and compact bone

46
Q

closure

A

completion of epiphyseal growth

47
Q

appositional growth

A

increase in diameter from outer surface

48
Q

interstitial growth

A

increase in length from inner surface

embryonic growth

49
Q

vitamin D and bone effect

A

vitamin D activated by sun, goes to liver to become calcidiol, goes to kidney to become calcitriol

increases calcium phosphate absorption and reabsorption

50
Q

vitamin D deficiency

51
Q

vitamin C and effect on bone

A

collagen synthesis

52
Q

vitamin C deficiency

53
Q

vitamin A effect on bone

A

osteoblast activity

54
Q

vitamin K effect on bone

A

synthesis of bone proteins

55
Q

hormones that affect bone composition

A

parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
estrogen

56
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts

57
Q

calcitonin

A

decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts

58
Q

estrogen

A

stimulates osteoblasts

Microanatomy (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions