Exam 2 Flashcards
Which two types of media are twisted-pair cable?
STP and UTP
How fast can Category 5e transfer data?
1000 Mbps
In the following diagram, match the fiber connector on the left with the correct description on the right.
A3, B2, C4, D1
Which category of UTP cabling is used for 10 Gigabit Ethernet? (Select all that apply.)
Category 6a
What is the most common connector that is used with UTP cabling carrying Ethernet traffic?
RJ-45
What type of UTP cabling is used in building open-air returns to reduce the amount of pollution created if a fire should occur?
Plenum
Which type of fiber-optic cabling only allows an individual light path through it?
Single-mode
What is the name that is used to reference the central primary cable distribution point in a building?
MDF
What is the MAC address that is used to send a frame to every local Ethernet device?
FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
What is the name of the device that is used primarily to secure a network?
Firewall
What is the name of the technology that will soon change the landscape of modern networking by moving the control functionality of a networking device to a central managed location?
Software-defined networking (SDN)
What is the name of the VoIP component that maintains a network’s dial plan (routes)?
Call agent
How many collision domains are shown in the following diagram? (Large Diagram)
2
How many collision domains are there in the following diagram? (Small diagram)
4
What is the purpose of a DNS server?
Providing an IP address for an fully qualified domain name
What is a DNS MX record?
A record for email servers
What are the steps a DHCP client goes through when requesting an IP address? Make sure they are in the correct order.
DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPOFFER, DHCPREQUEST, DHCPACK
What is the purpose of a virtual desktop?
To give users access to their data from any device and location
What is the purpose of SIP in VoIP?
It sets up the VoIP phone calls.
What is the purpose of RTP in VoIP?
It carries voice and data.
CSMA/CD is specified in the IEEE 802.3 standard for Ethernet network.
True
What is the minimum media type that must be used to run 1000BASE-T?
Cat 5e
A more efficient design which involves the logical separation of a switch ports into different broadcast domains is known as a ________.
virtual local-area network (VLAN)
How many bytes are in an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tag?
4
How does a switch prevent loops?
IEEE 802.1D
How is a switch selected as a root bridge for spanning tree if the bridge priorities are the same?
The switch with the lowest MAC address will become the root bridge.
Match the link speeds on the left with the correct STP port cost on the right.
A) 10 Mbps (Ethernet)
B) 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet)
C) 1 Gbps (Gigabit Ethernet)
D) 10 Gbps (ten Gig Ethernet)
STP Port Cost:
1: 2
2: 19
3: 100
4: 4
A3, B2, C4, D1
An IEEE 802.1D port goes through four states when transitioning to the forwarding state. What is the correct order?
Blocking, listening, learning, forwarding
What is the IEEE standard for PoE?
IEEE 802.3af
To have effective port monitoring and see all traffic on the network, which of the following needs to be configured?
Mirroring
You can configure user authentication at Layer 2 of the OSI. What IEEE standard would you use for this?
IEEE 802.1X
What type of media is used using the 100Base-FX Ethernet standard?
MMF
What is the name of a Layer 2 connection that supports transporting multiple VLANs at the same time between devices?
Trunk port
What is the IEEE standard that is used to enforce user authentication?
802.1X
ipconfig /all
Provides additional configuration info
ipconfig /release
Releases an IP address from the PC
ipconfig /renew
Requests an IP address from the DHCP server
ping
is used to check IP connectivity between two network devices
nslookup
resolves a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) to an IP address
route
changes or displays contents of a PC’s current IP routing table
route print
Displays the contents of the IP routing table
route delete
Deletes an entry from the IP routing table
tracert
displays the path between your device (the source) and a destination IP address, showing each router hop
arp
displays the MAC address associated with a known IP address
netstat
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections. You can view information about current sessions, including source and destination IP address and port numbers.
nbtstat
helps to know the IP address of a known NetBIOS name (NetBIOS often cooperates with WINS server).
ifconfig (LINUX)
displays IP address configuration parameters
nslookup (LINUX)
resolve FQDNs to IP addresses
host (LINUX)
will also resolve FQDNs to IP addresses.
route –n (LINUX)
displays the default gateway.
traceroute
displays the path between your device (the source) and a destination IP address, showing each router hop
netstat
displays information about IP-based connections.
RJ-11 vs. RJ-45
RJ45 connectors commonly connect to Cat5 and Cat6 cables, while RJ11 simply connects to a telephone cable
MMF & SMF.
SMF (single-mode fiber) carries a single beam of light and an MMF (multi-mode fiber) carry multiple beams of light.
Fiber-optical vs copper cable.
Copper cables can only carry signals about 100 meters, while some singlemode fiber optic cables can carry more data up to 25 miles.
Two common connector types:
BNC, F-connector
Composition of coaxial cable.
Coaxial cable conducts electrical signal using an inner conductor (usually a solid copper, stranded copper or copper plated steel wire) surrounded by an insulating layer and all enclosed by a shield, typically one to four layers of woven metallic braid and metallic tape.
Two categories of twisted-pair cable
shielded & unshielded
Power over Ethernet
IEEE802.3af
Hub vs Switch
A Hub is a networking device that allows you to connect multiple PCs to a single network, whereas a Switch connects various devices together on a single computer network.
USB2.0 and USB 3.0; maximum data rate
(480M, 5G bps)
Concept of Auto MDI-X and MDI.
Auto MDI-X switches between MDI and MDI-X when needed
MDI: PC or other MDI device… Gets a Crossover cable. Switch hub or other MDIX device, gets a straight through cable
MDIX: PC or other MDI device… Gets a straight through cable. Switch hub or other MDIX device, Gets a Crossover cable
order of cables (colors)?
what numbers are crossovers?
1) orange - white
2) orange
3) blue - white
4) blue
5) green - white
6) green
7) brown - white
8) brown
1,2 -> 5,6
3,4 -> 7,8
Why switch replace bridge?
1) most bridges have only 2 or 4 ports. A switch can have hundreds of ports.
2) a bridge can connect fewer LAN, while a switch can connect more networks compared to the bridge
3) bridges do not have buffers while switches have. Thus, switches perform error checking which bridges don’t perform.
How to obtain IP address from a DHCP server? Four steps.
1) DHCPDISCOVER: The client broadcasts a request for a DHCP server.
2) DHCPOFFER: DHCP servers on the network offer an address to the client.
3) DHCPREQUEST: The client broadcasts a request to lease an address from one of the offering DHCP servers.
4) DHCPACK: The DHCP server that the client responds to acknowledges the client, assigns it any configured DHCP options, and updates its DHCP database. The client then initializes and binds its TCP/IP protocol stack and can begin network communication.
How does a proxy server operate?
The proxy server then makes your web request on your behalf, collects the response from the web server, and forwards you the web page data so you can see the page in your browser.
What is VOIP?
Protocols for VOIP?
Voice over internet protocol
SIP, RTP, PBX
Port state 4 different states
blocking, learning, listening, forwarding
what is the purpose of STP
The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them.
VLAN’s advantages
1) It solves a broadcast problem.
2) VLAN reduces the size of broadcast domains.
3) VLAN allows you to add an additional layer of security.
4) It can make device management simple and easier.
5) You can make a logical grouping of devices by function rather than location.
6) It allows you to create groups of logically connected devices that act like they are on their own network.
7) You can logically segment networks based on departments, project teams, or functions.
8) VLAN helps you to geographically structure your network to support the growing companies.
9) Higher performance and reduced latency.
10) Users may work on sensitive information that must not be viewed by other users.
11) VLAN removes the physical boundary.
12) It lets you easily segment your network.
13) It helps you to enhance network security.
14) You can keep hosts separated by VLAN.
Broadcast storm over Ethernet
A broadcast storm is an abnormally high number of broadcast packets within a short period of time. A broadcast storm can overwhelm switches and endpoints as they struggle to keep up with processing the flood of packets. When this happens, network performance degrades.
Extra bytes added to Ethernet frame according to 802.1Q
802.1Q adds a 32-bit field between the source MAC address and the EtherType fields of the original frame.
Collison Domain
EX has 4 connections.
1) hub has 1 broadcast domain and 1 collision domain
2) switch 1 broadcast domain and 4 collision domains
3) router 4 broadcast domains and 4 collision domains
important ports
20: FTP data
21: FTP control
22: SSH
23: telnet
25: SMTP
80: HTTP
443: HTTPS
53: DNS
110: EMAIL
119: Network news transfer protocol
123: Network Time Protocol
143: Internet Message Access Protocol
161: Simple Network Management Protocol
194: Internet Relay chat (IRC)
Common types of DNS record
1) AAAA Record
2) CNAME Record
3) ANAME Record
4) SOA Record
5) Name Server Record
6) Mail exchange Record
7) TXT Record
8) SRV Record
9) PTR Record
10) SPF Record
