Exam 2

Question 1

Social psychologists do not generally

. work in settings outside of an academic context
. consider the effects of external, non-social factors on behaviour
. study phenomena about which common-sense beliefs are held
. pay more attention to group behaviour than the behaviour of individuals within groups

Answer 1

pay more attention to group behaviour than the behaviour of individuals within groups.

Question 2

Which of the following questions would a social psychologist most likely to study?

.Are crime rates different among people of higher versus lower socioeconomic status?
. What risk factors contribute to the onset of schizophrenia?
. Is there a link between playing violent video games and engaging in aggressive behaviour?
. Do citizens in countries with democratic governments report greater life satisfaction than citizens in countries with autocratic governments?

Answer 2

Is there a link between playing violent video games and engaging in aggressive behaviour?

Question 3

Social psychology is all of the following except

. A science addressing a diverse array of topics
. The study of how people think, feel and behave.
. A compilation of anecdotal observations and case studies.
. An approach applying the scientific method of systematic observation, description and measurement

Answer 3

A compilation of anecdotal observations and case studies

Question 4

Social psychology is primarily concerned with the ways in which

. Group factors contribute to the functioning of social institutions
. unconscious forces influence conscious motivations and desires
. specific personality characteristics predict behaviour across situations
. individuals think, feel and behave with regard to others

Answer 4

individuals think, feel and behave with regard to others

Question 5

Social psychology differs from history and philosophy in its

. attention to the scientific method
. concern with human behaviour
. greater focus on cultural influences
. more narrow and refined bandwidth of interest

Answer 5

attention to the scientific method

Question 6

Which of the following is not considered an important part of the scientific method?

. Systematic observation
. Variable definition
. intuition
. Measurement

Answer 6

intuition

Question 7

Anita wants to spend her career studying the factors that predict whether the members of a couple are satisfied with their marriage. It she chooses to do so as a social psychologist, it is likely that her pursuit will

. focus more on people’s thoughts than on their actual behaviour
. emphasise the importance of different personality types, such as ‘fun-loving’ and ‘open to experience’
. examine couples rather than individuals as the unit of analysis
. include systematic observation and measurement of couples

Answer 7

include systematic observation and measurement of couples

Question 8

Mariano is interested in how the diversity of a group affects its performance. If Mariano is a social psychologist, it is unlikely that he will

. conduct experiments that compare diverse and non-diverse groups
. focus more on the details of recent Supreme Court rulings regarding affirmative action than steaming the actual behaviour of groups
. be interested in the thoughts as well as behaviours of people within those groups
. expect the perceived influence of diversity among the members of the groups to be as influential as the actual changes in performance caused by diverse demographics

Answer 8

focus more on the details of recent Supreme Court rulings regarding affirmative action than examine the actual behaviour of groups

Question 9

Which of the following is a central part of the definition of social psychology?

. it uses historical events as its primary source of data
. it assumes that thoughts and behaviours are influenced by other people
. it focuses more on behaviour of groups than on that of individuals
. it emphasises the solitary nature of human behaviour

Answer 9

it assumes that thoughts and behaviours are influenced by other people

Question 10

A social psychologist would be least likely to conduct a study examine the effect of

. sleep on concentration ability
. temperature on highway shootings
. political attitudes on friendship formation
. academic performance on self-esteem

Answer 10

sleep on concentration ability

Question 11

Sarunas is a social psychologist. Of the following studies, he is probably most interested in reading about one demonstrating the effects of

. attitude similarity on interpersonal attraction
. immigration patterns on stock market activity
. distraction on attention to a visual display
. narcotic substances on neurotransmitter activity in the brain

Answer 11

attitude similarity on interpersonal attraction

Question 12

Courses in social psychology are often required for students majoring in which of the following fields?

. education
. journalism
. business
. all of the above

Answer 12

all of the above

Question 13

Sociologists tend to study behaviour at the ___ level, whereas social psychologists study behaviour at the ___ level.

. groups; individual
. interpersonal; cultural
. specific; general
social;cognitive

Answer 13

group;individual

Question 14

Sociologists studying the effects of media violence would be more likely than social psychologists to

. conduct experiements manipulating the amount of media violence viewed by participants
. assess changes in television availability and in murder rates over the last 50 years
. concern themselves with situational variables that moderate the effects of media violence on its viewers
. focus on the types of individuals who choose to view media violence

Answer 14

assess changes in television availability and in murder rates over the last 50 years

Question 15

To examine the relationship between economic conditions and violence, Gunther compares the murder rates for countries with different median incomes. Gunther’s research best characterises what field of study?

. social psychology
. clinical psychology
. sociology

Answer 15

sociology

Question 16

To examine the relationship between temperature and violence, Priti manipulates the thermostat in her laboratory while participants are engaged in a military simulation game. She then looks at the effects of this manipulation on their aggressive behaviour during the game, comparing participants in the ‘warm’ condition to those in the ‘comfortable’ condition. Priti’s research best characterises what field of study?

. social psychology
. clinical psychology
. personality psychology

Answer 16

social psychology

Question 17

Brad is a social psychologist. Marion is a sociologist. Which of the following research questions is most likely of interest to both of them?

. How do societal and immediate factors influence racial differences in academic achievement?
. How does positive and negative feedback impact conceptions of the self?
. Do different socioeconomic groups express different political attitudes?
. can an authority figure influence people to act in ways that they normally would not?

Answer 17

how do societal and immediate factors influence racial differences in academic achievement?

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning social psychology and sociology is false?

. sociologists tend to study societal level variables, whereas social psychologists focus on more specific and immediate variables
. social psychology studies human behaviour at the level of the individual, whereas sociology studies human behaviour at the group level
. social psychologists and sociologists often study the same issues and publish in the same journals
. sociologists are more likely than social psychologists to rely on experimentation to study human behaviour

Answer 18

sociologists are more likely than social psychologists to rely on experimentation to study human behaviour

Question 19

When comparing social psychology to sociology, a major difference is the

. target populations studied
. number of variables explored
. focus on the individual or the group
. emphasis on how social context affects behaviour

Answer 19

focus on the individual or the group

Question 20

Marilyn is interested in whether schizophrenic individuals tend to interpret verbal feedback from others as negative even if it is positive. It might be said that Marilyn is doing research at the intersection of social psychology and

. evolutionary psychology
. sociology
. personality psychology
. clinical psychology

Answer 20

clinical psychology

Question 21

Although related to other fields, social psychology is distinct in that its emphasis is on

. understanding the immediate situational factors that influence human behaviour
. classifying and treating psychological disorders
. identifying individual characteristics that are relatively stable across time
. describing the relationship between human behaviour and societal variables

Answer 21

understanding the immediate situational factors that influence human behaviour

Question 22

Which of the following is true regarding social psychology and clinical psychology?

. researchers in both fields might conduct studies investigating outcomes such as anxiety or depression
. research in social psychology utilises the scientific method, whereas research in clinical psychology does not.
. both fields are primarily concerned with the underlying causes of atypical behaviour
. psychologists in both fields must become certified in therapy aimed toward helping individuals with mental illness

Answer 22

researchers in both fields might conduct studies investigating outcomes such as anxiety or depression

Question 23

Which of the following branches of psychology is most interested in ‘the power of the situation?’

. clinical psychology
. cognitive psychology
. personality psychology
. social psychology

Answer 23

social psychology

Question 24

What distinguishes social psychology from other specialties in psychology is its

. use of scientific method in research design
. emphasis on correlational research design
. attention to the influence of situational context on behaviour
. willingness to consider cross-cultural differences in human behaviour and cognition

Answer 24

attention to the influence of situational context on behaviour

Question 25

Astrid has developed a 12-item questionnaire to help her identify individuals who tend to be sceptical of authority figures across different situations. Astrid is most likely a ___ psychologist

. cognitive
. social
. clinical
. personality

Answer 25

personality

Question 26

Hyunwoo believes that image-oriented ads will be more persuasive for individuals concerned with the way they appear to others, whereas ads that stress product quality will be more effective for individuals who are less concerned with their public image. This belief represents the intersection of which two fields of study?

. social psychology and clinical psychology
. social psychology and cognitive psychology
social psychology and personality psychology
. social psychology and sociology

Answer 26

social psychology and personality psychology

Question 27

Diane is interested in whether women with nurturing personalities are more reliable friends both inside and outside the workplace. Rebecca is interested in the hypothesis that women tend to be more nurturing outside the workplace because others expect them to be nurturing. It is likely that Diane is a ___ psychologist and Rebecca is a ___ psychologist.

. social; personality
. clinical; personality
. personality; clinical
. personality; social

Answer 27

personality; social

Question 28

Which of the following research questions does not involve the interaction of social and cognitive psychology?

. what situational factors influence whether someone interprets an event as an emergency and then makes a decision to offer help to a stranger?
. how does injury to a particular part of the brain influence the ability to form new memories?
. how does a threat to self-esteem influence people’s ability to pay attention to complex stimuli?
. how do stereotypes influence our memory of social interactions?

Answer 28

How does injury to a particular part of the brain influence the ability to form new memories?

Question 29

Antoine investigates the extent to which depressed individuals have difficulty forming accurate memories of social interactions, particularly when those interactions are stressful. His research is best described as being at the intersection of

. personality, cognitive and clinical psychology
. cognitive, social and personality psychology
. social, clinical and cognitive psychology
. clinical, personality and social psychology

Answer 29

social, clinical and cognitive psychology

Question 30

It could be argued that social psychology supplements common sense about human behaviour in all of the following ways except that

. social psychology tests common-sense assumptions using scientific methods
. social psychology addresses many of the same issues about which people have intuitions
, social psychological theories are as broad in scope as common sense
. social psychological findings tend to support most intuitive beliefs about human behaviour

Answer 30

social psychological findings tend to support most intuitive beliefs about human behaviour

Question 31

Social psychology differs from common sense in that

. common sense tends to produce more accurate knowledge about human behaviour than social psychology
. common sense captures the full complexity of human behaviour
. social psychology is far more intuitive than common sense
. social psychology relies on the scientific method to test its theories

Answer 31

social psychology relies on the scientific method to test its theories

Question 32

The phenomenon that makes people question how social psychology is different from common sense is called the ___ phenomenon

. ‘Knew it all along’
. ‘science is stupid’
. ‘self-superiority’
.’hale and hearty’

Answer 32

‘I knew it all along’

Question 33

The field of social psychology emerged as a distinct discipline around the end of the

. 17th century
. 18th century
. 19th century
. 20th century

Answer 33

19th century

Question 34

Ringelmann and Triplett are best labelled as

. the first researchers to explore conformity
. sociologists who established social psychology as a distinct discipline
. pioneers in the field of social cognition
. the founders of social psychology

Answer 34

the founders of social psychology

Question 35

Among the following social psychologists, who was one of the original founders of social psychology?

. Norman Triplett
. Stanley Milgram
. Michael Norton
. Philip Zimbardo

Answer 35

Norman Triplett

Question 36

Which of the following people is credited with publishing the first research article in social psychology?

. Max Ringelmann
. Norman Triplett
. Floyd Allport
. William McDougall

Answer 36

Norman Triplett

Question 37

Blaine works in a factory producing car stereos. He notices that workers produce more stereos by the end of the day when they work together in the same room than when they work in separate rooms. His observation is consistent with a classic study conducted by which of the following researchers?

. Lewin
. Asch
. Triplett
. Sherif

Answer 37

Triplett